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| République (France) | |
|---|---|
| Name | République |
| Native name | Place de la République |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| City | Paris |
| Arrondissement | 3rd arrondissement of Paris; 10th arrondissement of Paris; 11th arrondissement of Paris |
| Coordinates | 48°51′11″N 2°21′41″E |
| Notable | Monument à la République |
République (France) is the common name for Place de la République, a major public square and transport hub in Paris associated with republican symbolism, public demonstration and urban design. Located at the intersection of several thoroughfares, it functions as a focal point for political rallies, cultural commemorations and everyday urban life. The site combines 19th‑century urban planning, 19th–20th‑century monumental sculpture and 21st‑century civic uses.
The toponym derives from the establishment of the French Second Republic, the Third French Republic, and the broader concept of the Republic of France, leading to adoption of the name during republican commemorations and renamings associated with the July Revolution, the Revolution of 1848, and later municipal reorganizations under figures like Baron Haussmann and Napoleon III. Municipal decrees of the Paris Commune era and later decisions by the Council of Paris formalized the designation, echoed in adjacent street names such as Rue du Faubourg-du-Temple, Rue du Temple, Boulevard Saint-Martin, Boulevard du Temple, Rue Réaumur, and Boulevard de Magenta. The name appears in administrative documents, transit maps of RATP and station signage for the Paris Métro interchange serving lines that connect with Gare de l'Est and Gare du Nord.
The square's history intersects with major episodes: it was reshaped during Haussmann's renovation of Paris and witnessed events linked to the Dreyfus Affair, the Paris Commune, and commemorations after the First World War and the Second World War. In the 19th century the site was adapted to new boulevards conceived by Georges-Eugène Haussmann under the direction of Napoleon III, with later additions of monuments by sculptors like Léopold Morice. In the 20th century the square was a gathering point during demonstrations related to May 1968 protests in France, the anti‑war movement around the Algerian War, and rallies connected to the European Union debates and municipal elections involving parties such as the Socialist Party (France), Rassemblement National, and Les Républicains. The square regained prominence after the Charlie Hebdo shooting and the November 2015 Paris attacks as the site of national vigils, drawing officials from the Élysée Palace, members of the National Assembly, and civil society organizations like La Ligue des droits de l'homme.
Place de la République occupies a triangular convergence formed by major arteries: Boulevard Voltaire, Boulevard Saint‑Martin, Rue du Temple, Rue Réaumur, and Rue du Faubourg du Temple. The square sits astride the border of the 3rd arrondissement of Paris, 10th arrondissement of Paris, and 11th arrondissement of Paris, near transport nodes including the République (Paris Métro and RER) interchange and surface links to Place de la Bastille and Place de la Nation. Urban planners reference the square in case studies alongside Place de la Concorde and Place Vendôme for traffic circulation, pedestrianization schemes, and landscape projects led by firms linked to the Direction de l'Urbanisme de la Ville de Paris and consultancies active in the Grand Paris planning debates. The plaza's open space functions both as a roundabout for vehicular traffic and a pedestrianized esplanade used for assemblies and markets.
The central feature is the Monument à la République, a monumental bronze statue atop a stone pedestal by Léopold Morice, unveiled during the Third French Republic period and adorned with allegorical reliefs referencing liberty, equality and fraternity. The pedestal incorporates carved scenes by sculptors, iconography comparable to works in Panthéon (Paris) and the Arc de Triomphe, and later additions such as commemorative plaques for victims of the Paris attacks (2015). Surrounding the monument are fountains, benches and modern installations produced during renovation projects that invited artists affiliated with institutions like the Centre Pompidou and the Musée d'Orsay. Temporary public art commissions have included pieces linked to festivals overseen by the Mairie de Paris and cultural programs associated with Festival d'Automne à Paris and Nuit Blanche (Paris).
Place de la République functions as a symbolic locus for republicanism, civic protest and collective mourning, hosting demonstrations organized by groups such as SOS Racisme, Attac (France), Solidaires, and labour unions including the Confédération Générale du Travail and the Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail. It has been the scene of state-led commemorations attended by presidents from François Hollande to Emmanuel Macron, municipal responses by mayors like Anne Hidalgo, and grassroots movements such as the Gilets jaunes protests. The square's role in public assembly places it at the intersection of legal frameworks like the Code pénal and municipal policing practices administered by the Préfecture de Police de Paris.
République appears in literature, film and music: it features in novels set in Paris by authors like Émile Zola and Victor Hugo (setting contexts), appears in films by directors such as François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard, and is evoked in songs by performers associated with Édith Piaf and Serge Gainsbourg who reference Parisian streets. The square hosts cultural events including concerts coordinated with the Fête de la Musique, commemorative gatherings on Bastille Day, and public screenings organized during festivals like Cannes Film Festival fringe events and Paris Jazz Festival offshoots. Its image features in guidebooks produced by publishers like Hachette Livre and in photographic surveys by agencies including Magnum Photos.
Category:Squares in Paris Category:Monuments and memorials in Paris Category:3rd arrondissement of Paris Category:10th arrondissement of Paris Category:11th arrondissement of Paris