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| Public holidays in the Philippines | |
|---|---|
| Name | Public holidays in the Philippines |
| Observedby | Philippines |
| Significance | National observances, commemorations, religious feasts |
| Frequency | Annual |
Public holidays in the Philippines are a set of nationally and locally designated days observed across the Philippines to commemorate historical events, religious feasts, and civic milestones. These holidays include national proclamations tied to the Philippine Revolution, celebrations connected to Roman Catholicism in the Philippines, and regional observances linked to indigenous and local histories such as the Kadayawan Festival, Sinulog, and Panagbenga. Administration and modification of these days involve statutes like the Administrative Code of 1987 and proclamations by the President of the Philippines, intersecting with practices of institutions such as the Senate of the Philippines, House of Representatives of the Philippines, and the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
The Philippine holiday calendar blends commemorations of figures like José Rizal, events such as the Battle of Manila (1945), and religious observances anchored in Roman Catholicism in the Philippines alongside celebrations of cultural heritage like Ati-Atihan. Statutory holidays are declared via instruments from the Malacañang Palace and legislative acts from the Congress of the Philippines, drawing on precedents established after the Philippine Independence period and during administrations from Manuel L. Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos and beyond. Observance patterns reflect the influence of institutions including the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines and local governments such as those in Metro Manila and provinces like Cebu and Davao.
Legal authority for holidays derives from laws like the Administrative Code of 1987, presidential proclamations issued by the President of the Philippines, and legislative measures passed by the Congress of the Philippines. Statutes such as the Labor Code of the Philippines and proclamations by the Office of the President of the Philippines govern pay rules for Overtime in the Philippines and special non-working days, with adjudication by agencies like the Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines) and oversight by the Supreme Court of the Philippines in disputes. Classification distinguishes between regular holidays, special non-working days, and special working days; examples of enacted changes include amendments under presidents like Benigno Aquino III and Rodrigo Duterte.
National holidays encompass independence-related commemorations such as Independence Day (Philippines) and revolutionary remembrances like Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor). Civic observances honor national figures including José Rizal (Rizal Day) and mark milestones like National Heroes Day (Philippines). Religious feasts of national prominence include Christmas in the Philippines and Holy Week, observed widely in dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. Other nationwide observances reflect historical ties to colonial periods, such as commemorations relating to the Philippine–American War and the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
Provinces, cities, and municipalities declare local holidays to honor patron saints, founding anniversaries, and regional festivals. Examples include the Sinulog Festival in Cebu City, the Ati-Atihan in Aklan, the Kadayawan in Davao City, and the Panagbenga in Baguio. Indigenous commemorations involve ethnic groups like the Ifugao and events tied to upland societies such as rituals around the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras. Local councils, barangay administrations, and provincial governors coordinate proclamations often endorsed by regional divisions of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Scheduling of holidays can be altered through the "holiday economics" policy adopted by administrations including Benigno Aquino III and debated in the Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines. The practice of moving holidays to the nearest Monday to create long weekends has been applied to dates like Araw ng Kagitingan and All Saints' Day (Philippines). Presidents issue annual proclamations adjusting dates; examples include proclamations by Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Rodrigo Duterte, and Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Changes often respond to public safety concerns cited by the Department of Health (Philippines) and Department of the Interior and Local Government during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
Holidays influence sectors such as tourism in destinations like Boracay, Bohol, and Palawan, affecting hotel occupancy, airline capacity operated by carriers such as Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific, and retail cycles in centers like Ayala Center and SM Mall of Asia. Labor regulations administered by the Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines) and adjudicated by labor tribunals determine pay differentials impacting enterprises like Overseas Filipino Workers recruitment agencies and local businesses in the Philippine peso economy. Socially, holidays shape family migration patterns to provinces such as Ilocos Norte and Leyte and community rituals organized by institutions like the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines and cultural organizations including the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
Common practices include pilgrimage to sites such as Quiapo Church and Basilica del Santo Niño, observance of Misa de Gallo during Christmas in the Philippines, and processions during Holy Week in locales like San Fernando, Pampanga and Marinduque. Festivals incorporate indigenous choreography and music traditions preserved by groups like the Ifugao custodians of the Banaue Rice Terraces and performers in events such as MassKara Festival. Civic ceremonies on commemorative days often feature wreath-laying at monuments like the Rizal Monument in Luneta and are attended by officials from institutions such as the Office of the President of the Philippines and the Armed Forces of the Philippines.