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| Public Performance Measure | |
|---|---|
| Name | Public Performance Measure |
| Abbreviation | PPM |
| Type | Performance indicator |
| Introduced | 1990s |
| Used by | NHS (England), Office for National Statistics, Department of Health and Social Care |
Public Performance Measure
The Public Performance Measure is a statutory performance indicator used to evaluate public sector services and programs across jurisdictions such as United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, and European Union member states. It informs decision-making in agencies like the NHS (England), Department for Transport, Local Government Association, Ministry of Health (Canada), and is cited in reports by organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Health Organization.
PPM frameworks are implemented by bodies including the Office for National Statistics, Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman, Audit Commission (UK), Government Accountability Office, and the Australian Productivity Commission, and influence policy in jurisdictions like Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, New South Wales, and Ontario. They interact with statutory regimes such as the Freedom of Information Act 2000, Health and Social Care Act 2012, Care Act 2014, and reporting standards from the International Organization for Standardization.
A PPM typically defines measurable outputs connected to legal duties established by statutes like the Health and Social Care Act 2012, Education Act 1996, Equality Act 2010, and mandates from bodies such as the European Commission, UK Parliament, US Congress, and Provincial Legislatures of Canada. Its scope covers sectors overseen by institutions like the National Audit Office (UK), HM Treasury, Department for Education, and regulatory authorities such as the Care Quality Commission, Health and Safety Executive, and Ofsted.
Methodologies derive from standards promulgated by institutions including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Eurostat, and technical guidance from the Royal Statistical Society. Calculations convert service data from providers like NHS Trusts, Local Authorities, Primary Care Trusts, Clinical Commissioning Groups, and agencies such as the Environment Agency into metrics comparable across units using techniques found in statistical disclosure control and guidance issued by the Office for National Statistics. Numerical approaches reference methods used in publications by the Institute for Fiscal Studies, King's Fund, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, and models employed by the Brookings Institution.
The PPM concept evolved in the late 20th century alongside reforms driven by reports from the Griffiths Report, Audit Commission (UK), and policy shifts influenced by works from New Labour, Conservative Party (UK), and administrations such as the Thatcher ministry and Blair ministry. Internationally, development traces through documents from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and initiatives like the New Public Management movement and reforms in countries including New Zealand, Australia, and Canada.
Critiques appear in analyses by the British Medical Journal, The Lancet, The Guardian, and think tanks such as the Institute for Public Policy Research, Adam Smith Institute, and Policy Exchange, which argue that PPMs can produce perverse incentives identified in case studies involving NHS Trusts, local councils, housing associations, and educational institutions inspected by Ofsted. Limitations discussed in legal and academic venues such as the House of Commons Library, House of Lords Select Committee, Royal College of Physicians, and university departments at University of Oxford, London School of Economics, and University of Cambridge include measurement error, gaming, and misalignment with statutory objectives established by legislation like the Care Act 2014.
PPMs are used for accountability in hearings before bodies such as the Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom), Select Committees of the House of Commons, and oversight by the National Audit Office (UK), Government Accountability Office (United States), and provincial auditors like the Ontario Auditor General. They inform funding allocations by the HM Treasury, Department of Health and Social Care, Department for Education, and influence commissioning decisions by organizations including Clinical Commissioning Groups and insurers in systems like Medicare and Medicaid.
Comparative studies by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Health Organization, Eurostat, and research centers at Harvard University, Yale University, University of Toronto, and Australian National University examine differences in PPM implementations across countries such as the United Kingdom, United States, Germany, France, Japan, Australia, Canada, and Sweden. Variations reflect legal frameworks set by parliaments and legislatures, administrative practices in agencies like NHS England, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, and evaluation cultures promoted by institutions such as the European Commission.
Category:Performance indicators