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| President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi | |
|---|---|
| Name | Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi |
| Native name | عبد ربه منصور هادي |
| Office | President of Yemen |
| Term start | 27 February 2012 |
| Term end | 7 April 2022 |
| Predecessor | Ali Abdullah Saleh |
| Successor | Presidential Leadership Council |
| Birth date | 1 September 1945 |
| Birth place | Muhamasheen, Abyan, Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen |
| Party | General People's Congress |
| Alma mater | Yemen Military Academy, Egyptian Military Academy |
| Rank | Field Marshal |
President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi is a Yemeni politician and former military officer who served as the internationally recognised head of state of Yemen from 2012 to 2022, after a long career in the Yemeni Armed Forces and the General People's Congress. He assumed the presidency in the aftermath of the 2011 Yemeni uprising and the Gulf Cooperation Council-brokered transition that ended Ali Abdullah Saleh's decades-long rule, becoming a central figure in the ensuing Yemeni Civil War and regional diplomatic contests involving Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Iran, United States, and United Nations envoys.
Hadi was born in Muhamasheen, Abyan Governorate, in the southern highlands of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom, later part of the South Yemen and North Yemen. He trained at the Yemen Military Academy and completed military education at the Egyptian Military Academy, receiving professional development connected to Arab League military cooperation, Nasserism-era influences, and Cold War-era military networks involving Soviet Union and United States advisors. His early life intersected regional movements such as Ba'ath Party influences, South Yemen insurgencies, and tribal dynamics in Abyan Governorate and Hadhramaut Governorate.
Hadi rose through the ranks of the Yemen Armed Forces to senior command positions, serving in roles linked to al-Hirak tensions and the 1986 South Yemen Civil War legacies, and gaining political office within the GPC. He was appointed Vice President under Ali Abdullah Saleh in 1994 after the 1994 Yemeni Civil War, a post he used to navigate relationships with entities including al-Islah, Yemeni Socialist Party, Committee of the South, and military formations like the Presidential Guard (Yemen). Hadi's pre-presidential career involved mediations with international actors such as the Arab League and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and interactions with strategic partners United States, United Kingdom, and United Nations Development Programme initiatives.
As Vice President, Hadi became the sole consensus candidate endorsed by the Gulf Cooperation Council initiative and backed by the United Nations Security Council in the 2012 presidential election that followed the 2011 uprising against Ali Abdullah Saleh. His inauguration was supervised by envoys from the United Nations, European Union, United States, and Saudi Arabia, implementing a GCC transition plan that included the National Dialogue Conference (Yemen), constitutional discussions involving the National Dialogue Conference and proposals for federal restructuring resembling models in Iraq and Lebanon. Hadi's transitional role involved negotiating with stakeholders such as Ansar Allah, Southern Transitional Council, AQAP, and international mediators including Jamal Benomar and Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed.
During his presidency Hadi faced governance challenges tied to the Arab Spring aftermath, tackling security threats from Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, insurgencies in Abyan Governorate, and political fragmentation in Aden. His administration worked with international partners like the CENTCOM, EEAS, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank on counterterrorism and stabilization, while domestic policy involved contentious negotiations with Islah (Yemen), military commanders tied to Ali Abdullah Saleh's network, and the GPC loyalists. Hadi issued decrees that reshaped military command structures, attempted security sector reform with advisers from United Kingdom and United States, and sought diplomatic recognition from Arab League members, though his governance was challenged by rival institutions like the Supreme Political Council (Yemen) and local authorities in Hadhramaut and Taiz Governorate.
The escalation in 2014, when the Houthis seized Sanaa and formed alliances with elements of the GPC and former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, precipitated the ongoing Yemeni Civil War, with fronts across Marib, Taiz, Aden, Hudaydah, and Ma'rib. The conflict fragmented into coalitions involving the GCC and the Saudi-led coalition composed of United Arab Emirates forces, Bahrain, Egypt, and Sudan contingents, while Iran provided varying support to the Houthis according to reports by United Nations Security Council panels and International Crisis Group. Hadi's government relocated to Aden and later to exile in Riyadh, coordinating with Coalition forces and international humanitarian actors including OCHA, International Committee of the Red Cross, and World Food Programme amid sieges, air campaigns, and maritime blockades affecting ports like Hudaydah and Mocha.
Hadi's presidency was marked by close ties to King Salman's House of Saud, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and the Saudi Ministry of Defense, resulting in military intervention in 2015 and sustained diplomatic patronage via the Gulf Cooperation Council mechanisms, Arab League endorsements, and bilateral agreements with United Arab Emirates. International diplomacy included engagement with United Nations Special Envoy for Yemen mediators such as Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, Martin Griffiths, and later Hans Grundberg, coordination with United States Department of State officials, meetings with United Kingdom Foreign Secretary envoys, and negotiations at forums like Geneva and Stockholm that produced the Stockholm Agreement addressing Hudaydah. Hadi's government received recognition from countries including United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and members of the Arab League, even as his legitimacy was contested by the Supreme Political Council (Yemen) and regional actors.
Hadi tendered a resignation in 2015, briefly handing powers to a presidential council before rescinding amid the Saudi-led intervention, and later in 2022 transferred authority to the Yemeni Presidential Leadership Council backed by Saudi Arabia and endorsed by allied states including the United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom. His periods in exile in Riyadh and movements involving Jeddah and Aden reflected complex arrangements with Kingdom of Saudi Arabia security services, United States diplomatic channels, United Nations mediation efforts, and international legal debates about recognition, sovereignty, and transitional legitimacy. Post-presidency, Hadi's status remains tied to ongoing negotiations with entities such as the Southern Transitional Council, GPC factions, and international guarantors including the Gulf Cooperation Council and United Nations.
Category:Presidents of Yemen Category:Yemeni politicians Category:Yemeni military personnel