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| Plano Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação | |
|---|---|
| Name | Plano Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação |
| Country | Brazil |
| Enacted | Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação initiatives |
| Status | Active |
Plano Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação is a national strategic framework developed to coordinate Política científica and Política tecnológica in Brazil through articulated action among federal bodies, research institutions and industry partners. The plan mobilizes actors such as the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior and major universities to align funding, human capital and infrastructure with national priorities. It interfaces with regional governments like the Governo de São Paulo, multinational firms such as Embraer and Petrobras, and international organizations including the World Bank and UNESCO to foster innovation ecosystems and competitiveness.
The formulation drew on precedents including the Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento era policies, inputs from the Comissão de Ciência e Tecnologia and contributions by scholars linked to Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Early drafts referenced international templates such as the National Innovation System concept and lessons from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme, the United States Department of Energy strategic plans, and bilateral agreements with Germany and France. Milestones include formal adoption during administrations associated with Ministers from the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações and legislative discussions in the National Congress of Brazil. Revisions responded to crises like the 2008 financial crisis and public debates involving organizations such as the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and the Associação Nacional dos Dirigentes das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior.
The plan sets objectives to strengthen linkages among research institutions such as Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, and Instituto Butantan; stimulate partnerships with corporations like Vale S.A. and Natura &Co; and expand graduate training supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Principles emphasize interdisciplinarity inspired by models from the National Science Foundation (United States), regional inclusion reflecting concerns raised by Governors of the North Region of Brazil, and ethical standards aligned with the Conselho Nacional de Saúde. The plan promotes competitiveness akin to strategies of China's innovation policy while safeguarding biodiversity under commitments to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Governance is distributed across ministries including the Ministério das Comunicações, Ministério da Economia, and oversight by bodies like the Tribunal de Contas da União. Implementation relies on coordination forums that convene representatives from universities such as Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, research agencies like Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and industry consortia exemplified by Confederação Nacional da Indústria. Advisory panels include members linked to the Academia Brasileira de Ciências and international experts from institutions such as the European Research Council and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Legal instruments reference statutes debated in the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) and the Federal Senate (Brazil).
Priority areas target sectors exemplified by flagship institutions: aerospace with Embraer, energy with Petrobras and Eletrobras, health with Instituto Butantan and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, agriculture with Embrapa, and information technology with clusters in São Paulo (state). Strategic programs mirror initiatives like the Programa Nacional de Nanotecnologia, biotechnology consortia comparable to projects at Instituto Biológico (São Paulo), and digital transformation efforts aligned with the Plano Nacional de Banda Larga legacy. The plan supports thematic networks connecting Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento units, regional innovation hubs associated with Sebrae, and collaborative projects with Mercosur partners.
Funding combines allocations from federal budgets overseen by the Ministério da Economia, grant programs administered by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and capacity-building scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Complementary finance involves public banks like the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social and private investors including venture arms of Banco do Brasil and multinational funds. International financing includes instruments from the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, and cooperation with agencies such as Agence Française de Développement and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit.
Implementation employs monitoring frameworks inspired by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development indicators and evaluation protocols used by agencies like the European Science Foundation. Performance metrics measure outputs at institutions such as Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and track technology transfer via offices modelled after the Stanford University technology licensing office. Periodic reviews involve audit processes at the Tribunal de Contas da União and policy assessments presented to the Conselho Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia.
Proponents cite strengthened capacities at centers such as INPE and increased patents linked to spin-offs from Universidade Estadual de Campinas, while critics point to persistent regional disparities highlighted by state research foundations and to funding volatility debated in the National Congress of Brazil. Civil society organizations including Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência have critiqued implementation gaps, and opinion pieces in outlets like Folha de S.Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo have debated priorities. International evaluators from the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank note progress in human capital but recommend deeper cooperation with entities such as European Research Council and National Institutes of Health to accelerate technology adoption.