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| Peruvian Meteorological Service (SENAMHI) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Peruvian Meteorological Service (SENAMHI) |
| Native name | Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú |
| Formation | 1972 |
| Preceding | Dirección de Meteorología y Hidrología |
| Jurisdiction | Peru |
| Headquarters | Lima |
| Parent agency | Ministry of Environment (Peru) |
Peruvian Meteorological Service (SENAMHI)
The Peruvian Meteorological Service (SENAMHI) is the national institution responsible for meteorological, hydrological and climatological services in Peru, providing operational forecasts, climate monitoring and hazard warnings. It supports sectors such as agriculture, aviation, fisheries and disaster risk management through observational networks, numerical modeling and research collaborations with regional and global organizations.
SENAMHI traces institutional antecedents to earlier agencies including the Instituto Geofísico del Perú, the Dirección de Hidrografía y Navegación and colonial-era observatories that mirrored practices from the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, the Observatoire de Paris and the United States Weather Bureau. During the 20th century SENAMHI evolved alongside institutions such as the International Civil Aviation Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, the United Nations Development Programme and the Pan American Health Organization. Landmark events shaping SENAMHI included responses to the 1972 Ancash earthquake, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation episodes of 1982–83 and 1997–98, and national disaster policy reforms influenced by the Hyogo Framework for Action and the Sendai Framework. Historical cooperation involved the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Comisión Permanente de Contingencias predecessor agencies.
SENAMHI is administratively linked with the Ministry of Environment (Peru) and coordinates with sectoral ministries including the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (Peru), the Ministry of Transport and Communications (Peru), the Ministry of Health (Peru), and the Ministry of Defense (Peru). Its governance frameworks reference national legal instruments and international instruments such as conventions of the World Meteorological Organization, memoranda with the Inter-American Development Bank and protocols with the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Internal divisions mirror structures used by the Met Office, the National Weather Service (United States), and the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina), with specialized directorates for observations, forecasts, climatology, hydrology and research. SENAMHI engages with municipal authorities in Lima, regional governments in regions like Arequipa, Cusco, Piura and Ica for risk reduction and operational service delivery.
SENAMHI provides public weather forecasts, aviation meteorological services for airports such as Jorge Chávez International Airport, hydrological bulletins for river basins like the Amazon River and the Rímac River, climate normals and agroclimatic advisories for crops in the Sierra, coastal fisheries guidance for the Peruvian anchoveta fishery and seasonal outlooks for the El Niño phenomenon. It issues warnings used by agencies including the Indeci (National Institute of Civil Defense), the Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre, the Autoridad Nacional del Agua, and operators such as SITAC and the Ruta del Sol infrastructure projects. Service offerings include marine forecasts for ports like Callao, glacier monitoring in the Cordillera Blanca, and urban heat advisories for districts in Lima Province.
SENAMHI operates synoptic and climatological stations, automatic weather stations, radiosonde launches, river gauge networks and tide gauge stations, integrated with satellite data from platforms including GOES, Meteosat, Aqua (satellite), Terra (satellite), Suomi NPP and radar systems similar to those deployed by the Comisión Nacional del Agua (Mexico). Ground networks cover regions such as Loreto, Puno, La Libertad and Tacna, and include cooperative stations operated with universities such as the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and the National University of San Marcos. SENAMHI maintains climatological archives, quality control procedures comparable to those used by the Met Office Hadley Centre and links into global observing systems like the Global Climate Observing System and the Global Ocean Observing System.
SENAMHI conducts applied research on El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Andean climate dynamics, cryosphere changes in the Cordillera Blanca and hydrological impacts in the Amazon Basin. It collaborates with research centers including the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, the Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (INOCAR), the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, and universities such as the National Agrarian University (La Molina), Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería and Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana. Publications and assessments draw on datasets from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Climate Research Unit, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and regional initiatives like the Regional Committee for Latin America and the Caribbean (WMO). Research themes include glacier retreat studies aligned with work from the World Glacier Monitoring Service, climate change vulnerability assessments supported by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change processes, and hydrometeorological modeling linked to CIMA and CPTEC methodologies.
Operational forecasting employs numerical weather prediction models from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, regional configurations akin to those by the Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, and tailored hydrological models used by the Hydrological Research Center and basin authorities such as the Autoridad Nacional del Agua. Warning dissemination leverages radio and telecommunications partners including Telefónica del Perú, television networks like TV Perú, and municipal alert networks used in cities such as Trujillo and Iquitos. Alert protocols interface with international frameworks such as the WMO Global Multi-hazard Alert System and regional early warning programs coordinated with the Pan American Health Organization and the Inter-American Development Bank.
SENAMHI maintains partnerships with international organizations including the World Meteorological Organization, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, and bilateral cooperation with agencies such as the Japan Meteorological Agency, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico), Met Office (UK), NOAA (United States), and the European Union. Collaborative projects have involved the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, and regional science networks like the Comunidad Andina and Red Amazónica de Observación Climática. These partnerships support capacity building, technology transfer, satellite data sharing through programs linked to the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites and participation in global initiatives such as the Global Framework for Climate Services.
Category:Meteorological agencies Category:Science and technology in Peru Category:Organizations established in 1972