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| Paso Mamuil Malal | |
|---|---|
| Name | Paso Mamuil Malal |
| Country | Argentina, Chile |
| Region | Neuquén Province, Araucanía Region |
| Elevation m | 1253 |
| Range | Andes |
Paso Mamuil Malal is a mountain pass across the Andes connecting Chile and Argentina near the Lanín Volcano. The pass links the Argentine province of Neuquén Province with the Chilean region of Araucanía Region and forms part of trans-Andean transport corridors used for trade and tourism. It sits amid Araucanía landscapes, close to Lago Lacar and the Villarrica National Park zone, and is subject to seasonal closures due to volcanic activity and winter weather.
Paso Mamuil Malal lies on the eastern slope of the Andes within the Araucanía Region of Chile and the western edge of Neuquén Province in Argentina. Nearby geographic features include Lanín Volcano, Lanin National Park, Lago Huechulafquen, and Lago Lácar; settlements in the corridor include Pucón, San Martín de los Andes, Junín de los Andes, and Lonquimay. The pass is part of continental watersheds draining toward the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, intersecting routes used historically by Mapuche communities and later by Argentine and Chilean transport planners.
The pass is served by Argentine National Route 40-adjacent feeder roads and Chilean regional routes linking to Chile Highway 199 and secondary roads toward Pucon and Temuco. Freight traffic includes goods transiting between Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Rosario and Chilean ports such as Valparaíso and San Antonio. Transport infrastructure maintenance involves agencies such as the Dirección Nacional de Vialidad and the Ministerio de Obras Públicas with coordination alongside provincial authorities like Neuquén Province and regional governments like Araucanía Region. Cross-border trucking firms from Argentina and Chile use the route when Paso Internacional Pino Hachado and Paso Cardenal Samoré are less accessible.
The border crossing at the pass requires coordination between Servicio Nacional de Aduanas and AFIP customs units, alongside immigration controls under Extranjería and Dirección Nacional de Migraciones. Bilateral agreements such as those between Argentina and Chile governing trans-Andean passages and customs procedures affect clearance times for commercial and private vehicles. Regional bilateral mechanisms used during emergencies invoke agencies including Red Cross and Cruz Roja Chilena for humanitarian transits.
The pass experiences a subpolar oceanic climate influenced by the Andes and proximity to Pacific Ocean systems, with heavy precipitation on the western slopes and continental aridity toward the east. Seasonal snowfalls and ice are common in austral winter, affecting visibilidad and road conditions; flora and fauna include Araucaria araucana stands, Nothofagus forests, and species such as huemul and puma. Environmental management involves protected areas like Lanin National Park and Villarrica National Park, and institutions such as CONAF and Administración de Parques Nacionales oversee conservation measures affecting access and permitted activities.
The corridor has indigenous significance for Mapuche and Huilliche peoples and featured in routes used during the 19th century Patagonia frontier period. During the 20th century the route gained importance with the expansion of road transport and cross-border trade between Argentina and Chile, with infrastructure projects influenced by bilateral accords such as protocols between the Foreign Ministry of Chile and the Foreign Ministry of Argentina. Development initiatives have involved provincial administrations like Neuquén Province and Chilean regional authorities including Araucanía Region, as well as international aid and technical assistance from bodies such as the Pan American Health Organization in emergency response coordination.
The pass serves as an access point for recreational activities tied to Lanín Volcano, ski resorts near Pucón and San Martín de los Andes, mountaineering by expeditions organized through local operators in Neuquén Province and Araucanía Region, and lake tourism on Lago Lácar and Lago Huechulafquen. Visitors arrive via tour operators based in Bariloche and San Carlos de Bariloche, while accommodation networks include lodges in Pucón, inns in Junín de los Andes, and campgrounds administered by CONAF and Administración de Parques Nacionales. Adventure tourism outfits coordinate with emergency services such as Bomberos brigades and mountain rescue teams.
Hazards include volcanic activity from Lanín Volcano and regional Villarrica Volcano impacts, winter avalanches, heavy snowfall, and spring melt-induced flooding. Agencies responsible for risk management include ONEMI and Protección Civil provincial units, while transboundary emergency protocols draw in Cruz Roja Argentina and Cruz Roja Chilena. Travelers are advised to monitor advisories from the SMN and Dirección Meteorológica de Chile and to coordinate with local authorities in Pucón, San Martín de los Andes, and Junín de los Andes for closures and safe routing.
Category:Mountain passes of the Andes Category:Transport in Neuquén Province Category:Transport in Araucanía Region