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| PANC-1 | |
|---|---|
| Name | PANC-1 |
| Species | Human |
| Tissue | Pancreas |
| Disease | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
| Origin | Tumor |
| Morphology | Epithelial, adherent |
| Doubling time | ~52–56 hours |
| Culture conditions | High-glucose DMEM, 10% FBS, 37°C, 5% CO2 |
| Established | 1975 |
PANC-1
PANC-1 is a human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line widely used in biomedical research for studies of oncology-related pathways, cancer metabolism, and therapeutic screening. Derived from a metastatic tumor, it serves as a model for epithelial carcinoma behavior in vitro and for translational work linking molecular alterations to drug responses. Its adoption across laboratories has interfaced with major institutions and consortia performing cell line authentication, quality control, and cross-study comparison.
PANC-1 was established in 1975 from a pancreatic carcinoma obtained at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and described in early reports by investigators affiliated with American Cancer Society-funded research. The line’s derivation involved standard tumor explant and primary culture methods influenced by protocols from Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fox Chase Cancer Center, and early cell culture pioneers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Distribution and characterization were later facilitated by repositories such as the American Type Culture Collection and by collaborations with laboratories at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and National Cancer Institute programs that compared it to contemporaneous lines like those from Cleveland Clinic and Dana–Farber Cancer Institute.
PANC-1 displays an epithelial, adherent morphology with polygonal cells forming monolayers, noted in phenotyping studies from groups at University of California, San Francisco, Stanford University, and University of Oxford. Karyotypic analyses performed by researchers at Harvard Medical School and Columbia University show aneuploidy and structural chromosomal aberrations similar to lines characterized at Sloan Kettering Institute and Imperial College London. Phenotypic markers include expression patterns detected by labs at University College London and Karolinska Institutet for cytokeratins and adhesion molecules previously cataloged in atlases compiled by European Molecular Biology Laboratory and The Francis Crick Institute. Its growth kinetics and colony formation have been compared in studies from Yale School of Medicine and University of Pennsylvania to other pancreatic lines such as those originating from University of Michigan and Vanderbilt University.
Genetic profiling reveals activating mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors characterized by consortia like the Cancer Genome Atlas and laboratories at Broad Institute and Sanger Institute. Notably, studies at University of California, San Diego and Purdue University documented a KRAS mutation common to pancreatic adenocarcinomas, with additional alterations in TP53 observed by researchers at University of Toronto and University of Washington. Copy number variations and expression signatures have been reported in meta-analyses from European Bioinformatics Institute and National Institutes of Health groups, while methylation and epigenetic patterns were investigated at Max Planck Institute and Weizmann Institute of Science. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic datasets produced by teams at Proteomics Center Copenhagen and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory link PANC-1 signaling networks to pathways cataloged by Cell Signaling Technology and Reactome-curated studies.
Standard culture protocols for PANC-1, adopted by labs at University of Chicago and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, recommend high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum under 37°C and 5% CO2, mirroring conditions used in protocols from ATCC and method papers from Nature Protocols. Passaging schedules and seeding densities are guided by work from University of Basel and Monash University that optimized viability and phenotype retention; sterility and mycoplasma testing practices follow guidelines from World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cryopreservation methods standardized by repositories including European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures and Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources ensure genomic stability, as validated in collaborative audits involving International Cell Line Authentication Committee.
PANC-1 has been employed extensively in drug screening pipelines at GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and academic translational programs at University of Cambridge and University of California, Berkeley. It serves as a platform for studying metastasis mechanisms in work from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Salk Institute and for modeling tumor–stroma interactions in co-culture systems developed by Karolinska Institutet and ETH Zurich. Researchers at MIT and Caltech have used it in metabolic flux studies and organoid derivation protocols, while groups at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center include it in combinatorial therapy assays. Its use extends to immunotherapy target validation in studies from University of Oxford and Institute of Cancer Research (UK).
Limitations of PANC-1 are discussed in critiques from Nature Reviews Cancer and position papers by the National Cancer Institute regarding cell line representativeness, clonal drift issues reported by investigators at University of Melbourne and University of Edinburgh, and reproducibility concerns raised by studies at Stanford University and Harvard Medical School. Misidentification and cross-contamination risks addressed by the International Cell Line Authentication Committee and protocols from ATCC underscore controversies in historical literature where authentication lapses influenced conclusions in reports originating from diverse institutions such as University of São Paulo and Seoul National University. The line’s limitations for modeling tumor microenvironment complexity have motivated adoption of patient-derived xenografts at Hospital for Sick Children and organoid systems developed at Hubrecht Institute and Leiden University Medical Center.
Category:Human cell lines