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| Oneida Nation (Green Bay) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Oneida Nation (Green Bay) |
| Native name | Onyota’a:ka |
| Settlement type | Indian reservation and sovereign nation |
Oneida Nation (Green Bay) is a federally recognized indigenous community located in northeastern Wisconsin near Green Bay, Wisconsin, historically part of the larger Oneida people territory and the Six Nations diplomatic network. The nation maintains ties with other Iroquoian nations such as the Onondaga Nation, Seneca Nation of Indians, Cayuga Nation, Mohawk Nation, and Tuscarora Nation, and interacts with federal institutions including the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the United States Department of the Interior. The community's presence influences regional relationships with neighboring jurisdictions like Brown County, Wisconsin, the City of Green Bay, and nearby tribal nations such as the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin and the Stockbridge-Munsee Community.
The Oneida people trace ancestry to the confederacy known as the Haudenosaunee or Iroquois Confederacy, with pre-contact homelands in what are now New York and the Great Lakes region. During the American Revolutionary period the Oneida allied with the United States Continental Army and figures such as George Washington, while contemporaneous Iroquois nations aligned with the British Empire under commanders like Sir John Johnson. Post-Revolution treaties, including the Treaty of Canandaigua and later state treaties, reshaped Oneida landholding patterns, prompting migrations and legal disputes involving entities like the United States Supreme Court and acts such as the Indian Removal Act. In the 19th and 20th centuries pressures from state governments like New York (state) and federal policies including the General Allotment Act influenced Oneida settlement in Wisconsin. Contemporary legal milestones include land claims adjudicated through the Indian Claims Commission and interactions with the Bureau of Indian Affairs trust responsibility.
The nation's political organization employs a constitutionally defined framework with a council of elected leaders who interact with tribal judicial institutions and administrative departments. Leadership engages with federal offices including the Bureau of Indian Affairs, legislative advocacy with members of the United States Congress, and intergovernmental relations with state officials such as the Governor of Wisconsin. The nation participates in regional tribal consortia alongside the Ho-Chunk Nation, Bad River Band of Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians, and Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, coordinating on issues involving the United States Environmental Protection Agency and federal funding agencies like the Indian Health Service.
Landholdings include trust lands and fee-simple parcels in and around Green Bay, Wisconsin and Brown County, Wisconsin, managed under federal statutes and tribal ordinances. Historic allotments and recent acquisitions reflect settlement patterns linked to treaties such as the Treaty of 1794 era agreements and later administrative actions by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The nation’s land portfolio affects infrastructure projects that interact with entities like the Wisconsin Department of Transportation and conservation efforts coordinated with organizations such as the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and National Park Service.
Population composition encompasses enrolled members with Oneida descent, with family ties extending to communities in Oneida County, New York, Onondaga County, New York, and diaspora populations in urban centers such as Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago. Language revitalization efforts promote the Oneida language (an Iroquoian language) in partnership with academic institutions like the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay and language projects similar to those at the Endangered Languages Project and Smithsonian Institution. Demographic data informs healthcare coordination with the Indian Health Service and educational programming supported by the Bureau of Indian Education.
Cultural life centers on practices rooted in Haudenosaunee ceremonies, including longhouse traditions, traditional dances, and seasonal ceremonies connected to kinship systems recognized among the Oneida people, Seneca, and Mohawk people. Arts and crafts include beadwork, silverwork, and basketry exhibited in venues such as regional museums like the Neville Public Museum and collaborations with institutions like the National Museum of the American Indian. Community events intersect with regional festivals and historical commemorations involving figures such as Chief Jacob Hillhouse (historical Oneida leaders) and partnership programs with organizations like the American Indian College Fund.
Economic activities combine tribal enterprises, cultural tourism, and commercial partnerships. The nation operates businesses that interact with regulatory frameworks administered by the National Indian Gaming Commission when relevant, and with state economic agencies including the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation. Enterprises may include hospitality, retail, and service ventures engaging consumers from Green Bay, Wisconsin and tourists visiting attractions like Lambeau Field and the Bay Beach Amusement Park. Economic development strategies sometimes leverage federal programs from agencies such as the Department of Commerce and Small Business Administration.
Educational services range from early childhood programs to adult education, often coordinated with institutions like the University of Wisconsin System and tribal education offices funded through sources such as the Bureau of Indian Education and the Department of Education. Health services are provided via clinics and partnerships with the Indian Health Service, regional hospitals including Bellin Health and Aurora Health Care, and public health collaborations with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Programs address community priorities such as language preservation, chronic disease prevention, and behavioral health initiatives supported by federal grants and nonprofit partners like the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Category:Oneida people Category:Native American tribes in Wisconsin