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| Nueva Mayoría (Chile) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Nueva Mayoría |
| Country | Chile |
| Founded | 2013 |
| Dissolved | 2018 |
| Political position | Center-left to Left |
| Predecessor | Concertación |
| Successor | Frente Amplio (partial) |
Nueva Mayoría (Chile) was a Chilean electoral coalition formed in 2013 that brought together a broad spectrum of center-left and left parties to support a unified presidential bid and legislative strategy. It succeeded the long-standing Concertación alliance and sought to expand its base by incorporating parties from the Socialist International and the Communist Party of Chile into a single front. The coalition's project emphasized constitutional change, social reforms, and a realignment of alliances across regional and municipal politics.
Nueva Mayoría emerged in the context of political realignments following the 2010 Chilean presidential election and the presidency of Sebastián Piñera. Negotiations involved figures associated with the Christian Democratic Party (Chile), Socialist Party of Chile, Party for Democracy (Chile), Communist Party of Chile, Citizen Left (Chile), and MAS Region affiliates. Key events preceding its creation included mobilizations linked to the 2011–2013 Chilean student protests, debates around constitutional reform related to the Pinochet dictatorship, and strategic responses to the rise of independents such as Marco Enríquez-Ominami. The coalition was formalized to contest the 2013 Chilean general election and to present a unified candidacy against contenders like Evelyn Matthei and Marco Enríquez-Ominami.
The coalition's main constituent parties were the Socialist Party of Chile, Christian Democratic Party (Chile), Party for Democracy (Chile), and the Communist Party of Chile, alongside smaller organizations such as Poder, MAS Region, and elements from the Broad Front. Prominent leaders included Michelle Bachelet, Alfredo Moreno, Heraldo Muñoz, Jorge Burgos, Carlos Ominami, and Camila Vallejo, with campaign management involving figures like Guillermo Teillier and Andrés Palma. Parliamentary coordination involved deputies and senators such as Ricardo Lagos Weber, Isabel Allende (politician), Guillermo Teillier (as a party leader), and regional actors like Ximena Rincón. The coalition structure combined party executive committees, campaign councils, and electoral pacts at the Chilean Congress level.
Nueva Mayoría rallied around Michelle Bachelet as its presidential candidate in the 2013 Chilean presidential election, integrating platforms developed by the Socialist Party of Chile and policy proposals from the Communist Party of Chile. The campaign emphasized constitutional reform, tax reform proposals debated with actors such as Felipe Larraín and responses to social movements exemplified by Camila Vallejo and Giorgio Jackson. The first round pitted Bachelet against candidates like Evelyn Matthei, Marco Enríquez-Ominami, and Franco Parisi, leading to a second-round contest that culminated in Bachelet's victory. Legislative coordination involved lists for the Chamber of Deputies of Chile and the Senate of Chile, affecting race outcomes in districts contested by politicians like Joaquín Lavín and Sebastián Piñera allies.
During the Bachelet administration, Nueva Mayoría pursued an agenda including a proposed Chilean constitutional referendum process, comprehensive tax reform in Chile initiatives, and an education overhaul responding to demands from leaders like Camila Vallejo and Karol Cariola. The government advanced legislation on educational reform, labor reform in Chile, and healthcare measures influenced by ministers such as Alberto Arenas and Helia Molina. Key institutional actors included the Minister of Finance (Chile), the Ministry of Education (Chile), and advisory councils with participation from social movement leaders and party cadres like Valentina Quiroga. International relations involved engagement with blocs like the Pacific Alliance and bilateral dialogues with countries represented by figures like Barack Obama and Angela Merkel.
Tensions within Nueva Mayoría surfaced over the pace and scope of reforms, with disputes between moderate elements in the Christian Democratic Party (Chile) and more leftist factions in the Communist Party of Chile and Socialist Party of Chile. Conflicts emerged around cabinet appointments involving politicians such as Alfonso Peressutti and policy setbacks tied to opposition from center-right coalitions including National Renewal (Chile) and Independent Democratic Union. High-profile resignations and splits occurred, involving figures like Evelyn Matthei's critics and splinter candidacies by Marco Enríquez-Ominami, weakening cohesion ahead of the 2017 Chilean general election. Public controversies—linked to incidents involving administrations' ministers and debates over corruption highlighted by probes into municipal leaders like Jorge Pizarro—further eroded unity. The coalition's decline accelerated as new actors such as the Broad Front (Chile) gained legislative ground and voter support shifted.
Electoral results for Nueva Mayoría included Bachelet's 2013 presidential victory and mixed outcomes in the 2014–2018 Chilean parliamentary elections cycle, where the coalition lost seats to both the center-right and emergent left formations like the Broad Front (Chile). The 2017 election saw the presidency captured by Sebastián Piñera and a reconfigured Chilean Congress that reflected fragmentation. The coalition's legacy includes contributions to debates on the 1980 Chilean Constitution replacement, tax and educational policy precedents, and the reinvigoration of the Communist Party of Chile in institutional politics. Many former members later participated in successor arrangements, influenced the formulation of the 2019–2022 Chilean protests context, and intersected with constitutional processes culminating in the 2022 Chilean national plebiscite and the election of delegates to the Chilean Constitutional Convention.
Category:Political parties in Chile Category:Political party alliances Category:2013 establishments in Chile