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| Nobel laureate Alexei Abrikosov | |
|---|---|
| Name | Alexei Abrikosov |
| Birth date | 25 June 1928 |
| Birth place | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Death date | 29 March 2017 |
| Death place | Palo Alto, California, United States |
| Nationality | Soviet, Russian, American |
| Fields | Physics |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University |
| Known for | Type-II superconductors, Abrikosov vortex lattice |
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Physics |
Nobel laureate Alexei Abrikosov
Alexei Abrikosov was a Soviet and American physicist renowned for theoretical advances in condensed matter physics, particularly superconductivity and the theory of vortices in Type-II superconductors. He worked within institutions such as Moscow State University, Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, and Argonne National Laboratory, collaborating with figures including Lev Landau, Igor Tamm, and Vitaly Ginzburg. His research influenced fields connected to Anderson localization, BCS theory, and applications relevant to High-temperature superconductivity and Magnetism.
Abrikosov was born in Moscow in 1928 into a family tied to Soviet scientific and cultural circles, with connections to institutions like Moscow State University and Imperial Moscow University antecedents. He studied physics at Moscow State University under mentors associated with the Soviet Academy of Sciences and came into contact with scholars from the Landau school such as Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, and with researchers at the Kurchatov Institute and P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute. His graduate work placed him in the milieu of theorists connected to Igor Tamm, Pyotr Kapitsa, and colleagues at the Institute for Physical Problems and the Ioffe Institute.
Abrikosov's career spanned posts at the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow State University, and later Argonne National Laboratory and Kapitza Institute collaborations, interfacing with international centers like Bell Labs, CERN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Princeton University, and Stanford University. He published alongside scientists from Cambridge University, University of Chicago, Harvard University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology on topics bridging BCS theory, Ginzburg–Landau theory, Fermi liquid theory, and problems related to Quantum Hall effect. His work connected to research by Philip Anderson, John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, Robert Schrieffer, Boris Ginzburg, and Lev Gor'kov.
Abrikosov shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 with Vitaly Ginzburg and Anthony Leggett for contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids, complementing awards from organizations such as the Royal Society, National Academy of Sciences, and honors comparable to the Dirac Medal and the Maxwell Medal. His recognition paralleled that of contemporaries like Philip Anderson and resonated with prize committees at institutions including Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, American Physical Society, and European Physical Society.
Abrikosov formulated the theoretical description of the vortex lattice in Type-II superconductors within the framework of Ginzburg–Landau theory, predicting the mixed state where magnetic flux penetrates superconductors in quantized vortices now called the Abrikosov lattice. This result extended concepts from BCS theory and interacted with phenomena studied in Flux pinning, Josephson effect, Meissner effect, and experiments at facilities like Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Argonne National Laboratory. His predictions informed materials research on alloys and compounds such as Niobium-Titanium, Yttrium barium copper oxide, Magnesium diboride, and investigations into High-temperature superconductivity initiated by groups at IBM Research, University of Tokyo, and ETH Zurich.
Abrikosov held professorships and research appointments at Moscow State University, the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, and Argonne National Laboratory, and he lectured at institutions including Princeton University, Harvard University, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and Stanford University. He supervised students who became notable scientists affiliated with Russian Academy of Sciences, National Research Council (US), University of California, Berkeley, and Columbia University, contributing to the training lineage that includes links to Lev Landau's disciples and contemporaries like Andrey Dmitrievich Sakharov-era researchers and collaborators from JINR Dubna and Ioffe Institute.
Abrikosov immigrated to the United States late in his career, residing in Palo Alto, California and maintaining ties with Moscow institutions and international centers including CERN and Argonne National Laboratory. His legacy endures in textbooks and monographs published by presses such as Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, and Springer, and in concepts cited across literature pertaining to Condensed matter physics, Materials science, and Applied superconductivity. Memorials and retrospectives appeared in venues including Physical Review Letters, Reviews of Modern Physics, and proceedings of conferences organized by the American Physical Society and the American Institute of Physics.
Category:1928 births Category:2017 deaths Category:Russian physicists Category:Soviet physicists Category:Nobel laureates in Physics