New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan
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| New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan | |
|---|---|
| Name | New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan |
| Jurisdiction | People's Republic of China |
| Introduced | 2017 |
| Status | Active |
New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan The New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan is a national strategy initiated by the People's Republic of China in 2017 to accelerate research, commercialization, and governance of artificial intelligence technologies. It sets targets for innovation, talent cultivation, industrial application, and international engagement while coordinating ministries, leading universities, and state-owned enterprises. The plan frames AI advancement in relation to global competition among states and major technology firms and seeks to align scientific priorities with economic and security objectives.
Background and Objectives
The plan was promulgated by the State Council in response to trends traced in publications from institutions such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and policy analyses referencing White House technology roadmaps and studies from European Commission think tanks. It declares goals for China to become a world leader in AI by 2030, invoking benchmarks used by United States Department of Defense, Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, and South Korea Ministry of Science and ICT. Objectives include cultivating talent pipelines linked to Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and regional hubs like Shenzhen and Shanghai, developing flagship firms comparable to Alphabet Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Amazon (company), and improving infrastructure reminiscent of projects by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Strategic Priorities and Key Initiatives
Strategic priorities emphasize basic research, algorithmic development, data ecosystems, and platform industries, aligning ministries and actors such as Ministry of Science and Technology (China), National Development and Reform Commission, and state firms like China Electronics Technology Group Corporation and China Mobile. Key initiatives include national laboratory projects modeled after CERN, regional innovation zones similar to Silicon Valley and Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, and industry-academia collaborations with institutions like Zhejiang University, Fudan University, and corporations inspired by Baidu, Tencent, and Alibaba Group. The plan also sets milestones comparable to those in programs like Human Genome Project and Apollo program.
Research and Technological Development
Research priorities cover machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and hardware such as chips and quantum computing, involving research centers at Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun, and partnerships akin to collaborations between Intel and University of California, Berkeley. Technological development tracks include development of neural network architectures paralleling breakthroughs from OpenAI, reinforcement learning projects referencing DeepMind, neuromorphic computing inspired by work at IBM Research, and investment in semiconductor fabs similar to SMIC and TSMC. The plan encourages cross-disciplinary work with institutes like Chinese Academy of Social Sciences for social-computational studies and with medical centers akin to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for AI applications in healthcare.
Economic and Industrial Integration
Economic integration targets sectors such as manufacturing, finance, transportation, and urban management through pilots in locations like Shanghai Free-Trade Zone, Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, and municipalities following models used by Singapore and Dubai. Industrial integration fosters startups and unicorns comparable to Didi Global, Meituan, and integrates supply chains involving firms such as Huawei Technologies and BOE Technology Group. Financial mechanisms draw on instruments used by China Securities Regulatory Commission and investment patterns seen in SoftBank Vision Fund and Sequoia Capital to scale AI enterprises and attract talent from global centers like London and Tel Aviv.
Governance, Ethics, and Regulatory Framework
Governance frameworks emphasize standards, safety, and ethical norms with inputs from bodies like CAC (Cyberspace Administration of China), Ministry of Public Security (China), and standards groups similar to ISO and IEEE Standards Association. Ethical considerations reference guidelines from European Commission documents and discussions held at venues like World Economic Forum and UNESCO, and involve legal instruments comparable to laws from European Union policymakers and rulings by courts such as the Supreme People's Court of China on technology issues. The plan advocates for data governance, privacy protection, and accountability mechanisms informed by debates involving Apple Inc. and regulatory cases like those involving Facebook.
Implementation Roadmap and Funding
The roadmap sets phased targets for 2020, 2025, and 2030 with funding channels through national funds such as the National AI Team concept, provincial investment vehicles in Guangdong Province and Jiangsu Province, and venture capital ecosystems similar to those in Silicon Valley and Beijing. Funding sources include state-directed funds comparable to China Investment Corporation, corporate R&D from firms like Alibaba Group and Baidu, and collaboration with university endowments like those at Peking University and Tsinghua University. Implementation mechanisms draw on project management practices used in large-scale endeavors such as Belt and Road Initiative infrastructure projects and scientific programs like Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.
International Collaboration and Security Considerations
International collaboration envisages partnerships with universities and firms in United States, European Union, Israel, Singapore, and Australia while navigating security considerations raised by entities such as NATO and export controls like Wassenaar Arrangement. The plan addresses technology transfer, talent mobility, and standards cooperation, engaging multilateral fora including G20, BRICS, and World Trade Organization, as well as bilateral dialogues with counterparts in France, Germany, and Japan. Security and dual-use concerns prompt interaction with regulatory regimes exemplified by Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States and policies from agencies like U.S. Department of Commerce.