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| National Supercomputing Center in China | |
|---|---|
| Name | National Supercomputing Center in China |
| Native name | 国家超级计算中心 |
| Established | 2006 |
| Type | Research infrastructure |
| Country | China |
| Cities | Tianjin; Shenzhen; Guangzhou; Wuxi; Changsha; Jinan; Zhengzhou; Xi'an; Hefei; Shanghai |
National Supercomputing Center in China presents a network of regional supercomputer facilities established to advance high-performance computing (HPC) across the People's Republic of China. The centers support large-scale numerical simulation, data-intensive analysis, and industrial design for stakeholders such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Peking University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and provincial technology parks. The initiative aligns with national strategies promoted by the State Council of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China to strengthen computing capacity comparable to programs in the United States, European Union, Japan, and Russia.
The network comprises multiple regional sites including the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, National Supercomputing Center in Guangzhou, and others located in Wuxi, Changsha, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Hefei, and Shanghai. Each site integrates clusters, storage systems, and high-speed interconnects from vendors such as Sugon, Hygon, Huawei, Inspur, and international suppliers like Intel Corporation, NVIDIA, and AMD. The centers provide shared services to research institutes including the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, national laboratories such as the National Supercomputer Center of China, and industry partners like China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and China National Petroleum Corporation.
Planning began after policy directives from the State Council of the People's Republic of China and white papers released by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China in the early 2000s. The first operational nodes launched with systems from IBM and domestic integrators in the mid-2000s, coinciding with the rise of the Tianhe-1 program and the later development of the Tianhe-2 series. Collaborations involved institutions such as National University of Defense Technology, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and provincial governments including Guangdong Provincial People's Government and Tianjin Municipal People's Government. Over time, domestic microprocessor initiatives like Loongson and the Shenwei architecture influenced procurement and design choices.
Centers are sited near major research universities and industrial clusters: the Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, and the Wuxi National Hi-Tech District. Facilities feature data halls with power supply systems tied to regional grids managed by State Grid Corporation of China and cooling solutions informed by projects at the National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale. Networking relies on backbone links connected to the China Education and Research Network and international exchange points like the Shanghai Internet Exchange. Storage and archival capabilities incorporate parallel file systems from vendors that work with institutions such as Beijing Jiaotong University and Zhejiang University.
Sites have hosted prominent systems including variants of the Tianhe series, the Sunway TaihuLight-related research collaborations, and experimental clusters using processors from Loongson Technology. Major projects include climate modeling projects associated with the China Meteorological Administration, computational chemistry efforts at the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and genomics initiatives linked to the Beijing Genomics Institute. Engineering simulations for corporations such as China State Shipbuilding Corporation and aerospace design work with Aviation Industry Corporation of China have utilized center resources. Benchmarking and ranking participation engaged lists like the TOP500 and contributed to comparative studies involving institutions such as Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Researchers leverage the centers for work on numerical weather prediction with partners like the National Climate Center (China), computational fluid dynamics used by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, large-scale machine learning projects connecting to teams at Tsinghua University's Department of Computer Science and Technology and Peking University's School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, and big data analytics for financial institutions including Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. Multidisciplinary collaborations involve the Chinese Academy of Sciences', materials science groups at Fudan University, and biomedical teams cooperating with Peking Union Medical College Hospital for population genomics and imaging studies.
Administration typically combines municipal governments, provincial science and technology commissions, and national bodies such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. Funding derives from capital contributions by local authorities, grants from national programs like the National Key R&D Program of China, and partnerships with state-owned enterprises including China Telecom for network services. Management structures often mirror models at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and national laboratories such as Argonne National Laboratory, with oversight by advisory boards comprising representatives from universities and research institutes like Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
The centers engage in exchanges with foreign institutions including CERN, Riken, Max Planck Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of Cambridge on computational methods, software ecosystems such as OpenMPI, and climate-model coupling. Participation in international benchmarking and workshop programs has affected global HPC ecosystems involving consortia like the HPC Advisory Council and conferences including SC (conference), International Supercomputing Conference, and ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference. The network has influenced regional technology policy dialogues among actors such as the European Commission and United States Department of Energy regarding supply chains, software portability, and scientific collaboration.
Category:Supercomputing in China