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| National Federation of Indigenous Peoples of Peru | |
|---|---|
| Name | National Federation of Indigenous Peoples of Peru |
| Native name | Federación Nacional de Comunidades Indígenas del Perú |
| Abbreviation | FENAP |
| Formation | 1980s |
| Headquarters | Lima, Peru |
| Region served | Amazon Basin, Andes |
| Membership | Indigenous communities, regional federations |
| Leader title | President |
National Federation of Indigenous Peoples of Peru is a national indigenous organization representing Amazonian and Andean indigenous communities across Peru. Founded during the late 20th century, it acts as an umbrella body coordinating regional federations, community organizations, and advocacy networks to defend territorial rights, cultural heritage, and political representation. The federation engages with national institutions, regional governments, international bodies, and non-governmental organizations on issues including land titling, environmental protection, and indigenous autonomy.
The federation traces its origins to grassroots mobilizations in the 1980s and 1990s linked to Shuar and Aguaruna community federations, with influences from movements such as the Campesino federations of the Cusco Region and Amazonian uprisings associated with leaders from Loreto Region and Ucayali Region. Early alliances formed during campaigns around the Amazonas oil concessions and conflicts involving the Bagua confrontations, interacting with national actors including members of Congress of the Republic of Peru and policy debates during administrations of Alberto Fujimori and Alejandro Toledo. The federation consolidated networks during landmark moments such as consultations tied to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and participated in international forums like the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and sessions of the Organization of American States.
The federation is organized as a confederation of regional federations and local community councils, with an elected executive council including a president, vice-presidents, secretaries, and technical commissions on legal affairs, territorial issues, and cultural programs. Decision-making is influenced by assemblies modeled after practices from Aymara and Quechua ayllu traditions and coordinated with regional capitals such as Iquitos and Pucallpa. Institutional partnerships have been established with entities like the Ministry of Culture (Peru), legal support from offices connected to the Defensoría del Pueblo (Peru), and collaboration with research institutes in Lima and universities such as Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
Members include indigenous federations from Amazonian departments—Loreto Region, Madre de Dios Region, San Martín Region—and Andean areas including Cusco Region and Puno Region. Affiliated organizations range from community-based organizations representing Shipibo-Conibo and Asháninka peoples to regional bodies of Achuar and Shawi communities. The federation liaises with municipal authorities in provinces like Tarapoto and districts along rivers such as the Ucayali River and the Marañón River, and interfaces with transnational indigenous networks including the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin and the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization.
The federation has led national campaigns on prior consultation rights under legal frameworks such as debates around implementation of laws enacted during the Alan García and Ollanta Humala administrations, pushing for enforcement of standards similar to those articulated in rulings by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. It has organized mobilizations in Lima coordinating with groups from Cusco and Loreto to influence legislative processes in the Congress of the Republic of Peru and to challenge extractive projects promoted by companies like Petroperú and international firms active in the Peruvian Amazon. The federation has engaged electoral politics through alliances with indigenous representatives and parties across coalitions that include leaders who have met with ministers in cabinets and with diplomats from the European Union and United States Agency for International Development.
Central to its agenda is securing collective land titles and defending territories from deforestation, mining, and oil exploration. The federation has filed complaints with the Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos and collaborated with environmental NGOs like Rainforest Foundation-affiliated groups and scientific partners from institutions such as Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and Peruvian research centers. Campaigns have targeted illegal logging in buffer zones of Manu National Park and advocated for enforcement of protected area regulations alongside proposals to strengthen conservation initiatives referenced in agreements under the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Programs promoted by the federation support bilingual intercultural education aligned with curricula developed in cooperation with the Ministry of Education (Peru), cultural revitalization projects for languages such as Shipibo language and Asháninka language, and healthcare initiatives in partnership with public health networks influenced by work at institutions like Hospital Regional de Loreto. The federation implements community-driven projects addressing food sovereignty with agroforestry models tested in regions near Tambopata National Reserve and promotes traditional knowledge protection in forums including those convened by the World Intellectual Property Organization.
The federation maintains formal and contentious relations with Peruvian state institutions including dialogues with the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Peru), legal negotiation with the Ministry of Environment (Peru), and casework with the Judicial Branch of Peru. Internationally, it participates in UN mechanisms such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples implementation processes and engages with multilateral lenders including the World Bank on safeguard policies. The federation coordinates with transnational indigenous networks like the Indigenous Environmental Network and liaises with diplomatic missions from countries such as Norway and Germany on development and conservation funding.
Category:Indigenous organisations in Peru Category:Organizations established in the 1980s