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| National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy | |
|---|---|
| Name | National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy |
| Caption | Framework document for climate adaptation planning |
| Jurisdiction | National |
| Adopted | 2020s |
| Status | Active |
National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy
A National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy sets a coordinated policy framework for responding to Climate change impacts, aligning national planning with international instruments such as the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It integrates scientific guidance from institutions like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and operational priorities of agencies including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the World Meteorological Organization, and the Green Climate Fund. The strategy links national planning with sectoral policies administered by ministries and agencies such as the United Nations Environment Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and regional bodies like the African Union or the European Commission.
The strategy emerges from observed impacts documented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, national assessments produced by agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Met Office, and commitments under treaties such as the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol. Drivers include risks to infrastructure exemplified by events like Hurricane Katrina, Typhoon Haiyan, and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and to livelihoods as seen in case studies from Bangladesh, Mozambique, and the Philippines. International financing mechanisms such as the Green Climate Fund, the Global Environment Facility, and the Adaptation Fund provide rationale for aligning national proposals with donor priorities, while standards from organizations like the International Organization for Standardization and the World Bank guide technical design.
Typical objectives include strengthening anticipatory adaptation pathways anchored in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios, protecting critical assets including those listed by UNESCO and ICOMOS, and ensuring continuity of services provided by institutions such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF. Guiding principles often draw on human rights norms from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, equity commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals, and participatory norms practiced by the United Nations Development Programme and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The strategy often affirms precautionary approaches endorsed by the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and climate-resilient development pathways advocated by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
Vulnerability assessments synthesize data from remote sensing providers like NASA and European Space Agency, hydrological models used by the World Meteorological Organization, and socio-economic datasets from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Risk analysis incorporates case methods practiced in Hurricane Katrina recovery, floodplain mapping as done after the Great Flood of 1993, and coastal erosion studies from Tuvalu and Kiribati. Tools and standards referenced may include those developed by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, and the International Panel on Climate Change assessments, while sectoral vulnerability matrices draw on studies from FAO and WHO.
Priority sectors typically listed are agriculture and fisheries with technologies promoted by International Fund for Agricultural Development and FAO, water resources with infrastructure guidance from the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, health services informed by WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and urban planning aligned with initiatives by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme and the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. Thematic measures often include nature-based solutions promoted by IUCN and WWF, coastal protection strategies developed with input from the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and early warning systems modeled on deployments by WMO and UNDRR. Infrastructure resilience measures can reference standards from International Organization for Standardization and financing partnerships with the European Investment Bank.
Implementation assigns responsibilities to line ministries, national meteorological services such as the Met Office or Bureau of Meteorology, and agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority or equivalents found in India, Indonesia, and South Africa. Coordination mechanisms can mirror interagency platforms such as the UNFCCC National Focal Point arrangements or the cross-ministerial councils used in Germany and United Kingdom climate governance. Legal backing may reference statutes comparable to the Climate Change Act 2008 and institutional arrangements similar to those in Bangladesh and Philippines national disaster councils. International cooperation often involves bilateral partners such as the United States Agency for International Development and multilaterals including the Asian Development Bank.
Financing strategies combine domestic budgeting practices with external sources like the Green Climate Fund, the Global Environment Facility, and multilateral development banks such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Economic instruments referenced include climate fiscal transfers modeled after programs in Colombia and Chile, insurance mechanisms inspired by the African Risk Capacity and the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility, and public–private partnerships similar to projects financed by the European Investment Bank and the International Finance Corporation. Carbon pricing linkages consider precedents from the European Union Emissions Trading System and national schemes like those in California.
M&E frameworks rely on indicators comparable to the Sustainable Development Goals, reporting cycles aligned with UNFCCC National Communications and Biennial Update Reports, and data systems interoperable with platforms by UNFCCC and UNICEF. Evaluation methods draw on development evaluation standards used by the World Bank Independent Evaluation Group and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development peer review processes. Transparency commitments may follow modalities of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and national open data portals modeled on data.gov initiatives.
Stakeholder engagement protocols emphasize participation of civil society organizations such as Greenpeace, 350.org, and Friends of the Earth, the inclusion of indigenous institutions like those represented in United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, and partnerships with research centers including CSIRO, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. Capacity building draws on training programs offered by UNDP, academic collaborations with universities such as University of Oxford and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and community-led adaptation models documented in Bangladesh delta projects and Ecosystem-based Adaptation pilots supported by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.