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| Municipalities of Rio de Janeiro | |
|---|---|
| Name | Municipalities of Rio de Janeiro |
| Native name | Municípios do Rio de Janeiro |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Brazil |
| Subdivision type1 | State |
| Subdivision name1 | Rio de Janeiro |
| Established title | First municipalities |
| Established date | 1834 |
| Area total km2 | 43696 |
| Population total | 17366189 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Rio de Janeiro |
Municipalities of Rio de Janeiro are the 92 second-level administrative units of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. They include major urban centers such as Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, São Gonçalo, and Duque de Caxias as well as smaller coastal towns like Cabo Frio and inland municipalities such as Belford Roxo and Petrópolis. Municipalities serve as loci for local services connected to institutions like the Supremo Tribunal Federal, Conselho Nacional de Justiça, Tribunal de Contas da União and interact with federal bodies including the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education.
The 92 municipalities arise from the 19th-century reorganization formalized by the Additional Act of 1834 and subsequent legislation of Brazil, creating autonomous local administrations comparable to Portuguese municípios. Major metropolitan areas include the Greater Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area and the Baixada Fluminense, with municipal seats such as Niterói, Nova Iguaçu, Campos dos Goytacazes, and Macaé hosting public institutions like the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, and facilities associated with Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras). Municipal interactions involve courts like the Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and agencies such as the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.
Early settlements in the region developed under Portuguese Empire colonial administration, reflected in towns like Paraty, Angra dos Reis, and São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro. The transfer of the Portuguese court to Rio de Janeiro in 1808 accelerated urban growth, influencing municipalities such as Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaboraí. The Brazilian Empire period and the Proclamation of the Republic reshaped municipal law, with reforms in the 1891 Constitution and the 1988 Constitution further defining municipal autonomy recognized by courts like the Supremo Tribunal Federal. Industrialization linked to companies like Vale S.A. and Shell Brasil affected towns such as Macaé and Campos dos Goytacazes. Twentieth-century urbanization produced notable events in municipalities, including the construction of the Guanabara Bay bridges connecting Niterói and Rio de Janeiro.
Each municipality is administered by a mayor (prefeito) and a municipal council (câmara municipal), whose powers derive from the 1988 Constitution and state laws of Rio de Janeiro. Local elections are regulated by the Superior Electoral Court and the Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Rio de Janeiro, while fiscal oversight involves the Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and the Controladoria-Geral da União. Municipalities coordinate with state agencies, such as the Secretaria de Fazenda do Estado do Rio de Janeiro and the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, and federal programs like those administered by the Ministry of Cities and the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).
Geographically, municipalities span coastal zones along the Atlantic Ocean, islands in Guanabara Bay, and inland ranges of the Serra dos Órgãos and Serra do Mar. Major rivers include the Paraíba do Sul and waterways influencing municipalities such as Macaé and Campos dos Goytacazes. Demographically, municipalities range from densely populated urban centers like Rio de Janeiro and São Gonçalo to sparsely inhabited highland communes such as Teresópolis and Nova Friburgo, featuring population data collected by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística during censuses aligned with agencies like the Ministry of Planning. Migration patterns link municipalities to national corridors involving São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Public health metrics reference programs by the Ministry of Health and institutions like the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz).
Municipal economies vary: Rio de Janeiro hosts finance and oil-sector corporations including Petrobras and Itaú Unibanco, while Campos dos Goytacazes and Macaé center on petroleum extraction linked to Pre-salt reservoirs. Port municipalities such as Itaguaí and Angra dos Reis integrate shipping networks with terminals managed by companies like Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro and logistics firms servicing routes to Port of Santos. Tourism economies involve hotels affiliated with chains such as Accor and attractions managed by bodies including the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Infrastructure projects use financing from BNDES and regulatory frameworks under the Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres and Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis. Energy assets include thermoelectric plants and hydroelectric facilities connected to state grids overseen by Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. (Eletrobras) subsidiaries.
Cultural life across municipalities blends heritage sites like the historic center of Paraty, the imperial residences in Petrópolis, and contemporary venues in Niterói such as the Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói. Major festivals include the Rio Carnival and local events in Cabo Frio and Búzios, while music scenes reference artists associated with institutions like Universidade Federal Fluminense and studios in Leblon and Lapa. Museums and protected areas involve the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Reserva Biológica de Tamoios, and sites listed by the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional. Sporting traditions include clubs such as Fluminense FC, Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, CR Vasco da Gama, and regional teams in Nova Iguaçu and Madureira. Culinary attractions feature seafood specialties in Angra dos Reis and street food in neighborhoods like Copacabana and Ipanema.
The state comprises 92 municipalities, including but not limited to: Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, São Gonçalo, Duque de Caxias, Nova Iguaçu, Belford Roxo, Campos dos Goytacazes, Macaé, Itaboraí, Cabo Frio, Búzios, Angra dos Reis, Petrópolis, Teresópolis, Nova Friburgo, Itaguaí, Barra Mansa, Volta Redonda, Resende, Mendes, Teresópolis, Paraty, Saquarema, Iguaba Grande, Maricá, Magé, Guapimirim, Queimados, Vassouras, Três Rios, São João de Meriti, Nilópolis, Mesquita, Japeri, Seropédica, Italva, Rio das Ostras, Casimiro de Abreu, Cordeiro, Santo Antônio de Pádua, Miracema, Itaperuna, Bom Jardim, Cantagalo, Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin, Paracambi, Paty do Alferes, Sumidouro, Cambuci, Cardoso Moreira, Aperibé, São Fidélis, São Francisco de Itabapoana, São José do Vale do Rio Preto, Rio Bonito, São Pedro da Aldeia, Araruama, Saquarema, Arraial do Cabo, Iguaba Grande, Silva Jardim, Rio Claro, Porciúncula, Porciúncula, Laje do Muriaé, Cambuci, Itatiaia, Conceição de Macabu, Carapebus, São Sebastião do Alto, Sapucaia, Sumidouro, Trajano de Moraes, Duas Barras, Paty do Alferes, Sapucaia, Comendador Levy Gasparian, Areal, Rio das Flores, Cardoso Moreira, Mendes, Guapimirim (municipality)|Guapimirim.
Category:Subdivisions of Rio de Janeiro (state)