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| Municipalities in Tocantins | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tocantins Municipalities |
| Native name | Municípios do Tocantins |
| Settlement type | Administrative divisions |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Brazil |
| Subdivision type1 | Region |
| Subdivision name1 | North |
| Subdivision type2 | State |
| Subdivision name2 | Tocantins |
| Established title | Created |
| Established date | 1988 (state) |
| Area total km2 | 277720.520 |
| Population total | 1,572,866 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
Municipalities in Tocantins Tocantins contains a network of 139 municipalities that serve as the primary local administrative units within the state of Tocantins. These municipalities interact with institutions such as the Brazilian Federal Government, the 1988 Constitution, the Superior Electoral Court and regional bodies like the Tocantins Court of Justice. Municipal centers such as Palmas, Araguaína and Gurupi anchor political, judicial and service networks tied to agencies like the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and the Ministry of Cities.
Municipalities in Tocantins operate under structures defined by the 1988 Constitution of Brazil and state law, with each municipality led by an elected mayor (prefeito) and municipal council (câmara municipal) established per rules from the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral and the Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Tocantins' municipalities coordinate with state institutions including the Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Tocantins and federal ministries like the Ministry of Health, impacting interactions with agencies such as the FUNAI and the INCRA. Intermunicipal consortia reflect precedents from programs by the BNDES and the MDIC.
The state comprises 139 municipalities including principal seats and smaller municipalities: Palmas, Araguaína, Gurupi, Porto Nacional, Colinas do Tocantins, Tocantinópolis, Pedro Afonso, Paraíso do Tocantins, Dianópolis, Miracema do Tocantins, Juarina (TO), Araguatins, Formoso do Araguaia, Abaeté do Tocantins, Aliança do Tocantins, Alvorada, Aparecida do Rio Negro, Augustinópolis, Aurora do Tocantins, Axixá do Tocantins, Babaçulândia, Barra do Ouro, Barrolândia, Bernardo Sayão, Brejinho de Nazaré, Buriti do Tocantins, Cachoeirinha, Campinas do Sul, Campos Lindos, Cariri do Tocantins, Carmolândia, Cascavel, Centenário, Chapada da Natividade, Colméia, Combinado, Conceição do Tocantins, Couto Magalhães, Cristalândia, Crixás do Tocantins, Darcinópolis, Delegado Feliciano, Esperantina, Figueirópolis, Filadélfia, Fátima, Goiatins, Guaraí, Japorã, Juarina, Ipueiras, Itacajá, Itaguatins, Itapiratins, Itaguari, Jalapão, Josiânia, Lagoa da Confusão, Lajeado, Lavandeira, Lizarda, Luzinópolis, Mateiros, Maurilândia do Tocantins, Miranorte, Monte do Carmo, Monte Santo do Tocantins, Muricilândia, Natividade, Nazaré, Nova Olinda do Tocantins, Nova Rosalândia, Nova Colinas, Novo Acordo, Novo Alegre, Oliveira de Fátima, Palmeirante, Palmeirópolis, Pau d'Arco, Pindorama do Tocantins, Piraquê, Pium, Ponte Alta do Bom Jesus, Ponte Alta do Tocantins, Porto Alegre do Tocantins, Praia Norte, Presidente Kennedy, Pugmil, Recursolândia, Riachinho, Rio da Conceição, Rio Sono, Sampaio, Sandolândia, Santa Fé do Araguaia, Santa Maria do Tocantins, Santa Rosa do Tocantins, Santa Tereza do Tocantins, Santa Terezinha do Tocantins, Saúde, Silvanópolis, Sítio Novo do Tocantins, Sucupira, Taguatinga, Taipas do Tocantins, Talismã, Tocantínia, Tupirama, Tupiratins, Wanderlândia, Xambioá and others forming municipalities recognized by the IBGE.
Population clusters concentrate in urban municipalities such as Palmas, Araguaína, Gurupi and Porto Nacional, while rural municipalities like Mateiros, São Félix do Tocantins and Formoso do Araguaia show low density patterns recorded by the IBGE 2010 Census and the IBGE 2020 population estimates. Demographic profiles reflect migration flows linked to projects by the Ministry of Social Development, labor demands from FURNAS, and agrarian settlements managed by INCRA, with indigenous presence represented in territories cataloged by FUNAI.
Economic activity in municipal seats centers on agriculture and services in municipalities such as Gurupi, Araguaína and Palmas, with agribusiness linkages to corporations like JBS S.A., BRF S.A., and commodity networks tied to the National Supply Company (CONAB). Infrastructure investments by the DNIT and financing from the BNDES have stimulated urban projects in Palmas and industrial corridors connecting Araguaína to Marabá. Tourism schemes in municipalities like Jalapão and Mateiros leverage natural features cataloged by the Brazilian Ministry of Tourism.
Municipal territories span biomes including the Cerrado and ecotones toward the Amazon biome, with river basins such as the Tocantins River and the Araguaia River crossing municipal limits of Porto Nacional and Barra do Ouro. Transportation networks include federal highways like BR-153 and BR-242 linking municipalities to ports on the Pará state corridor and to airports such as Palmas–Brigadeiro Lysias Rodrigues Airport. Conservation units like the Cantão State Park and the Jalapão State Park involve municipal coordination under environmental norms referenced by the IBAMA.
Municipal boundaries evolved from territorial alterations following the creation of the State of Tocantins in 1988, influenced by constitutional reforms like the 1988 Constitution of Brazil and state statutes enacted by the Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Tocantins. Earlier administrative precedents trace to provincial and imperial divisions under the Empire of Brazil and political decisions involving neighboring provinces such as Goiás and Pará Province. Municipal emancipations involved local actors, municipal plebiscites and judicial oversight by courts including the Supremo Tribunal Federal in disputes over municipal creation and resource allocation.
Municipal administrations conduct elections per schedules administered by the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral and coordinate public policies with entities like the Ministry of Health, the National Education Development Fund (FNDE), and the Ministry of Integration and Regional Development (Brazil). Intergovernmental transfers such as the Fundo de Participação dos Municípios and social programs like Bolsa Família shape municipal budgets; legal frameworks are adjudicated by courts including the Tribunal de Contas da União and the Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Tocantins. Associations such as the União dos Municípios do Tocantins represent municipal interests in dialogues with federal agencies and multilateral partners like the World Bank.