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| Maryland golden-aster | |
|---|---|
| Name | Maryland golden-aster |
| Genus | Chrysopsis |
| Species | mariana |
| Authority | L. |
Maryland golden-aster
Maryland golden-aster is a perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae notable for late-season yellow inflorescences that occur across parts of eastern North America. It has been referenced in regional floras, conservation assessments, and horticultural guides associated with institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution, United States Department of Agriculture, and state natural heritage programs. Botanists from organizations like the New York Botanical Garden and the Missouri Botanical Garden have documented its morphology, distribution, and ecological roles.
The species was described by Carl Linnaeus and placed in the genus Chrysopsis within the tribe Astereae of the family Asteraceae; treatments appear in works by Asa Gray, John Torrey, and contemporary checklists from the International Plant Names Index and the United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database. Nomenclatural history intersects with revisions published by scholars affiliated with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, and it is cited in compendia such as the Flora of North America and regional keys produced by university herbaria including Harvard University Herbaria and the University of Michigan Herbarium. Synonymy and typification have been addressed in monographs that reference collections at the Field Museum and the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium.
Maryland golden-aster is a herbaceous perennial characterized by erect, often single-stemmed architectures described in manuals from the Smithsonian Institution and regional guides produced by the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center and the Missouri Botanical Garden. Leaves and stems bear glandular and sessile features consistent with descriptions in the Flora of North America and illustrated floras from the New England Botanical Club. Inflorescences produce bright yellow, radiate capitula with numerous ray florets noted in treatments by Asa Gray and modern works from the Missouri Botanical Garden. The achenes and pappus morphology are detailed in taxonomic keys used by curators at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas and the Canadian Museum of Nature.
Range maps in atlases published by the United States Geological Survey and the NatureServe network place populations across the mid-Atlantic and parts of the southeastern United States, with notable occurrences reported in records curated by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, and the Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program. Historically associated habitats include coastal plain grasslands, dry prairies, and open pine woodlands documented in regional vegetation surveys by researchers at Cornell University, Duke University, and the University of Georgia. Specimen records held at the New York Botanical Garden, the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), and state herbaria corroborate occurrences in counties recorded by the USDA Forest Service and in conservation listings by The Nature Conservancy.
Field studies published with affiliations to institutions such as Rutgers University, University of Florida, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute describe pollination by a suite of insects including solitary bees, halictids, nocturnal moths, and generalist lepidopteran visitors recorded by entomologists at the American Museum of Natural History and the Smithsonian Institution. Nectar and pollen provisioning have been quantified in community ecology papers appearing in journals connected to researchers at Yale University and Princeton University, and interactions with native butterflies monitored by citizen science projects run by The Xerces Society and the North American Butterfly Association show its role in late-season foraging. Seed dispersal and recruitment dynamics are discussed in restoration literature produced by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and by landscape ecologists at the University of Maryland.
Conservation assessments by NatureServe, state natural heritage programs, and the IUCN regional reviewers indicate variable status across its range, with localized declines reported by the Maryland Natural Heritage Program and county-level conservation groups. Major threats identified in recovery plans prepared by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and regional conservation NGOs such as The Nature Conservancy include habitat fragmentation driven by development documented by planners in Annapolis, conversion of grasslands referenced in reports from the Maryland Department of Planning, altered fire regimes analyzed by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, and competition from invasive species noted by botanists at the University of Delaware. Conservation actions recommended by botanical gardens including the Missouri Botanical Garden and university programs at Rutgers University emphasize habitat protection, prescribed burning regimes referenced by the USDA Forest Service, and ex situ propagation efforts undertaken by the Smithsonian Institution and state arboreta.
Horticultural information circulated by the Royal Horticultural Society, the Missouri Botanical Garden, and native plant societies such as the Native Plant Society of New Jersey describes propagation from seed, site selection for sandy, well-drained soils, and garden uses in native meadow restorations promoted by the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center and municipal programs in cities such as Baltimore and Philadelphia. Ethnobotanical notes compiled in regional compendia from the New York Botanical Garden and academic studies at University of North Carolina mention limited historical uses by local communities and inclusion in pollinator-support plantings advocated by organizations like Pollinator Partnership and The Xerces Society. Cultivation trials reported by university extension services at Penn State Extension emphasize its value for late-season nectar sources and low-maintenance native landscaping.
Category:Chrysopsis Category:Flora of the Eastern United States