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| Marquess of Norfolk | |
|---|---|
| Title | Marquess of Norfolk |
| Creation date | 1397 |
| Monarch | Richard II of England |
| Peerage | Peerage of England |
| First holder | John de Mowbray |
| Present holder | present holder (see Duke of Norfolk) |
| Heir apparent | Earl Marshal |
| Subsidiary titles | Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Arundel, Baron Maltravers |
| Status | Extant |
Marquess of Norfolk
The Marquess of Norfolk is a historic English noble title created during the reign of Richard II of England within the Peerage of England, associated with families such as the Mowbray family, the Howard family, and territorial seats including Arundel Castle, Norwich and Hertford. The dignity intersects with offices like Earl Marshal, ceremonies such as the Coronation of the British monarch, and events including the War of the Roses and the English Reformation.
The title's origins reflect feudal elevations under Richard II of England, familial strategies by houses like the Mowbrays and the Howards, and political shifts seen during the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses, where holders participated in battles such as Battle of Towton and Battle of Bosworth Field. Royal patronage from monarchs including Henry IV of England, Henry V of England, and Henry VIII of England shaped the title's trajectory alongside legal instruments like Letters patent and parliamentary acts passed by sessions of the Parliament of England.
The marquessate was created in 1397 for John de Mowbray and later entwined with the dukedom held by Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and the Howards, including Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. Subsequent holders include prominent peers such as Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel, Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel, and later representatives within the peerage who sat in the House of Lords and interacted with figures like William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley and Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester.
Succession to the marquessate followed primogeniture principles impacted by attainder, restoration, and marriage alliances involving houses like the Talbots, Percys, and Fitzalans. Legal precedents from cases heard by the House of Lords and statutes such as Act of Attainder affected inheritance, while claimants referenced genealogies tied to Arundel and manor records in counties including Norfolk and Sussex. Disputes sometimes reached royal courts under monarchs such as Elizabeth I of England and Charles I of England.
Holders exercised ceremonial and administrative functions tied to offices like Earl Marshal and duties at state ceremonies like the State Opening of Parliament and the Coronation of the British monarch. They coordinated with institutions such as the College of Arms, engaged with military mobilizations during conflicts like English Civil War, and served in capacities at courts of monarchs from Henry VIII of England through Victoria and Elizabeth II. Marquesses often held commissions or commands alongside peers like the Duke of Norfolk and officers of the Royal Navy and the British Army.
Principal seats associated with the marquessate include Arundel Castle, Herstmonceux Castle, and manors in Norfolk and Sussex. Estates passed through alliances with families such as the Fitzalans and transactions involving figures like Thomas Cromwell during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Management of lands intersected with agricultural reforms in the periods of Enclosure and interactions with local boroughs such as Norwich and Arundel.
Heraldic bearings evolved from Mowbray and Howard arms combining elements recorded by the College of Arms and displayed at ceremonials like the Order of the Garter. Holders accumulated subsidiary dignities including Earl of Arundel, Baron Maltravers, and later ducal recognitions exemplified by the Duke of Norfolk. Heraldic disputes referenced precedents involving peers such as Earl Marshal and adjudication by heralds like Clarenceux King of Arms.
Notable figures tied to the marquessate include John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel, and later Howards active in politics with allies like Lord Burghley and opponents like John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. Their influence extended to patronage of artists such as Hans Holbein the Younger, participation in conspiracies like the Ridolfi plot, and roles in cultural institutions including Arundel Museum and ecclesiastical patronage involving Canterbury Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.
Category:Marquessates in the Peerage of England