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| Mangueira (Rio de Janeiro) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mangueira |
| Native name | Mangueira |
| Settlement type | Neighborhood |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Brazil |
| Subdivision type1 | State |
| Subdivision name1 | Rio de Janeiro |
| Subdivision type2 | Municipality |
| Subdivision name2 | Rio de Janeiro |
| Timezone | BRT |
Mangueira (Rio de Janeiro) is a favela and neighborhood in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, internationally renowned as the birthplace and base of the Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Estação Primeira de Mangueira samba school. Founded amid urban migration and Afro-Brazilian cultural expression, Mangueira links to broader histories involving Praça Onze, Lapa, Centro, Santa Teresa and the development of samba in Brazil. The area has been shaped by interactions with municipal authorities, civil society organizations such as Viva Rio, and national cultural institutions like the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional.
Mangueira emerged in the early 20th century during waves of migration connected to port expansion, public works like Avenida Presidente Vargas, and the decline of slum clearances after the Vila Isabel reforms. Early residents included workers from dockyards, servants from elite neighborhoods such as Flamengo and Botafogo, and freed Afro-Brazilian communities linked to churches like Bonsucesso Church and brotherhoods such as Irmandade do Rosário. Cultural life absorbed influences from performers and intellectuals associated with venues like Circo Voador, Teatro Municipal, and the carnival circuit centered on Praça Onze. Political intersections occurred with figures and movements including Getúlio Vargas, the Vargas Era, community leaders connected to Partido dos Trabalhadores, and urban policies debated at Câmara Municipal do Rio de Janeiro.
Situated near Manguinhos and Lapa, Mangueira occupies hills overlooking the Guanabara Bay and borders transport arteries linked to Central do Brasil and Avenida Brasil. Local infrastructure includes community centers inspired by models from Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil, sports facilities akin to those used by Flamengo's outreach, and social halls influenced by designs of Sesc Rio. Public services have been affected by municipal projects with participation from Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, the Ministério da Cultura, and NGOs such as Fundação Getulio Vargas initiatives. The neighborhood contains rehearsal spaces, the samba school's headquarters near Mangueira hill, and proximity to cultural sites such as Museu de Arte do Rio and Museu Nacional de Belas Artes.
The Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba Estação Primeira de Mangueira has been central to the neighborhood's identity, producing composers, interpreters, and artisans who interact with institutions like TV Globo, TV Cultura, and record labels that promote samba in venues such as Sambódromo da Marquês de Sapucaí. Mangueira's repertoire connects to composers from Portela, Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, and Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel and to artists such as Cartola, Noel Rosa, Clara Nunes, Martinho da Vila, and João Nogueira. The school’s aesthetics dialog with choreographers, costume designers, and scenographers tied to Fundação Bienal de São Paulo and international festivals like the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Cultural preservation efforts have linked Mangueira to heritage debates in Instituto Moreira Salles and academic studies at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Mangueira has competed in the Special Group of the Rio Carnival at the Marquês de Sapucaí regularly, winning multiple championships alongside rivals and peers such as Portela, Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, Imperatriz Leopoldinense, Salgueiro, Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel, Grande Rio, Vila Isabel, Acadêmicos do Salgueiro, and Unidos da Tijuca. Notable championship parades featured tributes referencing Zumbi dos Palmares, Pantoja, Lei Áurea, and reinterpretations of Afro-Brazilian spiritualities and histories like those of Candomblé and Umbanda. Media coverage by O Globo, Folha de S.Paulo, and international outlets has highlighted Mangueira’s parade themes, plot innovations, and collaborative performances involving celebrities from MPB and theatre such as Gilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso, Gal Costa, and actors from Rede Globo productions.
Prominent figures associated with Mangueira include samba composer Cartola, singer Clara Nunes, composer and cultural operator Carlos Cachaça, and modern interpreters and leaders such as Didi, Zeca Pagodinho (linked through collaborations), and community leaders who have engaged with municipal policies and cultural projects often connected to Ministers of Culture and national programs. Artists, choreographers, and scholars from institutions including Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, and international collaborators have documented Mangueira’s cultural output. Activists and organizers have partnered with NGOs like Viva Rio and international agencies such as UNESCO to promote heritage recognition.
Mangueira has been the focus of social programs and initiatives involving partnerships with Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, federal agencies such as the Ministério da Cidadania, and civil society organizations including Viva Rio, Cátedra Unesco projects, and philanthropic actions by foundations like Fundação Roberto Marinho. Projects have addressed housing conditions, cultural education, and public health with involvement from academic entities like Fiocruz, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and technical cooperation from international bodies including World Bank programs in urban upgrading. Community-led efforts include youth music education linked to samba schools, artisan cooperatives, and cultural tourism initiatives coordinating with Secretaria de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro and events at venues such as the Sambódromo da Marquês de Sapucaí.