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| Macron government | |
|---|---|
| Name | Macron government |
| Date formed | 2017 |
| Government head | Emmanuel Macron |
| State head | Emmanuel Macron |
| Political party | La République En Marche!, Renaissance |
| Legislature status | Majority / Coalition |
| Election | 2017 French legislative election, 2022 French legislative election |
| Predecessor | Second Philippe government |
| Successor | Élisabeth Borne government |
Macron government The Macron government refers to the executive administrations led by Emmanuel Macron following his election as President of the French Republic in 2017, and subsequent cabinet formations during his presidential terms. It encompassed cabinets drawn from La République En Marche!, allied parties such as Democratic Movement (France), and ministers with backgrounds in Inspection générale des finances, École nationale d'administration, and the private sector including Rothschild & Co. The administrations pursued restructuring of public institutions, fiscal reforms, and a pro-European foreign policy, intersecting with events like the Yellow vests movement and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Following Macron's victory in the 2017 French presidential election, the initial cabinet combined figures from centrist parties and civil service elites. The first Prime Minister, Édouard Philippe, led a cabinet that included ministers such as Bruno Le Maire at Ministry of Economy and Finance, Jean-Yves Le Drian at Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, and Florence Parly at Ministry of the Armed Forces. Composition drew on officials from Ministry of the Interior (France), Ministry of National Education (France), and administrative schools like Sciences Po and École Polytechnique. After the 2017 legislative elections, deputies from La République En Marche! and allies formed a majority in the National Assembly (France), enabling passage of government initiatives.
The administrations advanced legislation across labor, taxation, and public sector domains, championing bills such as labor code reforms influenced by precedents like the Labour law (France) 2016. Economic measures included corporate tax adjustments administered via Ministry of Economy and Finance and incentives linked to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development benchmarks. Macron administrations prioritized European initiatives within frameworks shaped by the Treaty of Lisbon and cooperation with leaders from Germany, notably chancellors like Angela Merkel and successors. Legislative priorities also engaged institutions such as the Constitutional Council of France and procedures in the French Parliament.
Domestically, the governments pursued pension reform proposals interacting with unions including the CFDT, CGT, and FO. Reforms to law enforcement and public order involved coordination with Ministry of the Interior (France) officials and responses to protests like the Yellow vests movement. Education and research agendas connected to agencies such as the Centre national de la recherche scientifique and universities like Sorbonne University and Université Paris-Saclay. Health policy responses during crises engaged Ministry of Solidarity and Health (France), hospitals within the Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, and regulatory bodies like the Haute Autorité de Santé.
Economic strategy emphasized liberalization, competitiveness, and fiscal consolidation, with initiatives touching the European Central Bank, International Monetary Fund, and OECD analyses. Reforms targeted French industrial policy sectors including aerospace firms like Airbus, automotive companies such as Renault and PSA Group, and services in La Défense. Fiscal performance interacted with EU deficit rules under the Stability and Growth Pact and sovereign ratings by agencies like Moody's and Standard & Poor's. The administrations managed crises including the economic shock from the COVID-19 pandemic in France, deploying mechanisms akin to wage support schemes and state-backed loan guarantees via institutions such as the Banque de France.
Foreign policy under Macron sought renewed Franco-European leadership, engaging with the European Union, NATO allies, and multilateral forums like the United Nations Security Council where France holds a permanent seat. Diplomatic efforts involved summits with United States administrations, outreach to China and India, and participation in international climate initiatives arising from the Paris Agreement. Defense posture coordinated with the Ministry of the Armed Forces and operations such as counterterrorism missions in the Sahel region cooperating with partners like Mali and Operation Barkhane. Macron administrations also navigated tensions over trade, digital regulation, and sanctions with entities including Russia.
Public opinion fluctuated amid episodes such as the Yellow vests movement, controversies over fuel taxes, and debates on the proposed pension reform (France, 2020s). High-profile incidents involved scrutiny of cabinet appointments and resignations, legal inquiries referencing agencies like the French National Anti-Corruption Agency and procedures before the Conseil d'État. Approval ratings tracked by polling organizations such as Ifop and Ipsos reflected volatility influenced by economic indicators, unemployment data from INSEE, and media coverage in outlets like Le Monde and Le Figaro.
Throughout Macron's presidency, multiple cabinet reshuffles responded to electoral outcomes including the 2022 French legislative election and political crises leading to changes in prime ministers from Édouard Philippe to Jean Castex and later to Élisabeth Borne. Reshuffles adjusted portfolios across ministries such as Ministry of Labour (France), Ministry of Justice (France), and Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Succession dynamics involved parliamentary majorities, cohabitation scenarios exemplified historically by periods like the Chirac-Jospin cohabitation and institutional procedures under the Constitution of France.