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| Long Xuyên | |
|---|---|
| Name | Long Xuyên |
| Native name | Thành phố Long Xuyên |
| Native name lang | vi |
| Settlement type | City (Class-2) |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Vietnam |
| Subdivision type1 | Province |
| Subdivision name1 | An Giang Province |
| Established title | Established |
| Established date | 1999 |
| Area total km2 | 106.87 |
| Population total | 382500 |
| Population as of | 2019 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Timezone1 | Indochina Time |
| Utc offset1 | +07:00 |
Long Xuyên is a provincial city in An Giang Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. It serves as an important regional hub for commerce, transport, and services connecting riverine markets, agricultural zones, and urban centers such as Can Tho, Rach Gia, and Saigon. The city is noted for its canal networks, floating market culture, and proximity to transnational corridors toward Cambodia and the South China Sea.
The area around the city developed amid 18th–20th century migration and frontier settlement linked to the Nguyễn dynasty expansion, Mekong Delta colonization, and commercial flows from Siam and Chinese Empire. During the French colonial period the region became integrated into colonial administration centered on Cochinchina and linked to river transport routes used by companies such as the Messageries Fluviales. In the 20th century the locality was shaped by events including the First Indochina War, the Vietnam War, and post-1975 reunification policies under the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Contemporary municipal status was formalized when provincial authorities elevated the town to city status following administrative reforms influenced by national development plans and Đổi Mới economic reforms.
Situated in the heart of the Mekong Delta, the city lies on low-lying alluvial plains shaped by distributaries of the Mekong River such as the Hau River and tributary canals. Its landscape features canals, ponds, and rice paddies interspersed with urban neighborhoods; nearby ecological areas connect to wetlands and inland waterways associated with the Bassac River. The climate is classified under the Köppen climate classification as tropical monsoon, with a wet season influenced by the Southwest Monsoon and a dry season modulated by the Northeast Monsoon, producing average temperatures comparable to Ho Chi Minh City and seasonal flooding patterns typical of the delta.
The population reflects ethnic and religious diversity typical of An Giang Province with communities of Kinh people, Khmer Krom, and Hoa; minority presences include Cham and migrants from other provinces. Religious life includes adherents of Buddhism, Caodaism, Catholicism, and Islamic traditions among Cham communities, along with folk practices tied to local shrines and ancestral veneration. Population growth has been influenced by internal migration associated with agricultural commercialization, regional trade with Cambodia, and urbanization trends aligned with national development targets.
The urban economy is anchored by agro-processing industries linked to rice, fruit orchards (notably mango and longan cultivation), aquaculture (including pangasius and shrimp), and trade in agricultural commodities with connections to Can Tho Port and export supply chains. Markets and wholesale trade connect the city to inland and cross-border commerce with Phnom Penh and Dong Thap Province. Secondary sectors include light manufacturing, garment workshops, and services such as banking linked to institutions like the State Bank of Vietnam regional branches. Tourism, featuring riverine markets and cultural sites, contributes to the service sector alongside transportation and logistics firms operating on delta waterways.
Local cultural life blends traditions from Kinh customs, Khmer Bokator heritage, and Hoa merchant cultures; festivals include observances of the Tet lunar new year, Khmer Chol Chnam Thmay, and Catholic feast days associated with local parishes. Architectural and ritual landmarks include Buddhist pagodas, Caodaist temples connected historically to movements centered in Tây Ninh, and community houses reflecting Southern Vietnam vernacular. Gastronomy features street foods and dishes common to the delta, such as rice noodle soups influenced by southern Vietnamese and Sino-Vietnamese culinary exchange.
Administratively the city is divided into urban wards and suburban communes under the authority of the municipal people's committees as nested within provincial structures of An Giang Province. Infrastructure investments have targeted flood control projects, irrigation networks linked to Mekong water management programs, and urban upgrading consistent with guidelines from the Ministry of Construction (Vietnam) and provincial planning authorities. Utilities and public services coordinate with national agencies including the Ministry of Transport (Vietnam) and regional offices of the Ministry of Health (Vietnam).
Waterways remain central, with canal and river transport linking local markets to the Mekong shipping network, while road connections include provincial highways connecting to National Route 91, Highway 80, and routes toward Cao Lanh and Long An Province. Bus services connect to regional hubs such as Can Tho International Airport and overland corridors toward Ho Chi Minh City and Rạch Giá. Inland ports, ferry services, and a network of piers support cargo and passenger movement; planned upgrades have referenced projects coordinated with Asian Development Bank and national infrastructure programs.
Educational institutions include primary and secondary schools overseen by provincial education departments and vocational colleges providing training in agriculture, aquaculture, and technical skills linked to programs from the Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam). Healthcare facilities comprise provincial hospitals and district clinics integrated into public health networks addressing tropical medicine, maternal care, and communicable disease control in coordination with agencies such as the World Health Organization country office and national health initiatives.
Category:Populated places in An Giang Province Category:Cities in Vietnam