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| Line 3 (Red) (São Paulo Metro) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Line 3 (Red) |
| Native name | Linha 3–Vermelha |
| Locale | São Paulo |
| System | São Paulo Metro |
| Start | Corinthians–Itaquera |
| End | Palmeiras–Barra Funda |
| Stations | 20 |
| Open | 1979 |
| Owner | Government of the State of São Paulo |
| Operator | Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo |
| Linelength | 22.5 km |
| Gauge | 1,435 mm |
| Electrification | 750 V DC third rail |
| Map state | collapsed |
Line 3 (Red) (São Paulo Metro) is a heavy-rail rapid transit line in São Paulo, Brazil, forming a major east–west spine of the São Paulo Metro network. It connects key nodes such as Corinthians–Itaquera, Sé, and Palmeiras–Barra Funda, linking with systems including CPTM, Line 1 (Blue), Line 2 (Green), and regional transport hubs.
Line 3 (Red) operates across central and eastern São Paulo along the Radial Leste corridor, serving neighborhoods such as Itaquera, Brás, Bela Vista, Sé, and Bom Retiro. The line interfaces with intermodal terminals like Tatuapé, Brás (CPTM), and Barra Funda Terminal, integrating with services from CPTM, SPTrans, and private operators. It is managed by Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo under oversight from the Government of the State of São Paulo and coordinated with urban plans led by the Prefeitura de São Paulo.
Conceived amid 1960s and 1970s urbanization plans influenced by studies from Tokyo Metro, London Underground, and Paris Métro consultants, construction began in the late 1970s with technology exchanges involving firms like Alstom, Siemens, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The inaugural section opened in 1979, contemporaneous with expansions of Line 1 (Blue) and works coordinated with projects by the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) and the State Secretariat of Metropolitan Transport of São Paulo. Over decades the line underwent upgrades tied to events such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Summer Olympics preparatory programs, including platform refurbishments and signaling refurbishments influenced by standards used on Madrid Metro and New York City Subway.
Spanning approximately 22.5 km, the line runs from Corinthians–Itaquera in the east to Palmeiras–Barra Funda in the west, with 20 stations including Carrão, Penha, Tatuapé, Brás, Sé, Anhangabaú, República, and Barra Funda. Many stations provide transfers to major cultural and sporting venues such as Estádio do Pacaembu, Arena Corinthians, Theatro Municipal, and commercial centers near Rua 25 de Março. The line traverses subterranean tunnels, at-grade sections, and elevated structures that cross municipal landmarks including the Tietê River corridor and arterial highways like Avenida do Estado.
Service patterns feature high-frequency headways during peak periods coordinated with fare control systems used across São Paulo Metro and integrated ticketing with Bilhete Único. Operations are scheduled to align with commuter flows to employment centers such as Paulista Avenue, industrial zones in Itaquera, and intercity rail connections at Barra Funda and Brás. Safety and emergency response protocols reference training benchmarks from Federal Railroad Administration collaborations and local agencies like the Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado de São Paulo. Maintenance regimes employ depot facilities modeled after international standards adopted by Metro de Madrid and Metropolitano de Lisboa.
Rolling stock has included series manufactured by CAF, Alstom, Bombardier Transportation, and Mitsubishi Electric, featuring stainless steel car bodies, regenerative braking systems, and air-conditioning retrofits comparable to fleets on São Paulo Metro Line 1 and Line 2 (Green). Signaling has evolved from fixed-block systems toward Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) implementations influenced by deployments on London Underground and Singapore MRT. Power supply uses 750 V DC third-rail technology consistent with other heavy metro lines in São Paulo Metro, while station infrastructure incorporates platform screen doors trialed in global systems like Seoul Metropolitan Subway and Hong Kong MTR.
Line 3 carries one of the highest passenger volumes in São Paulo Metro, serving daily commuters commuting to business districts such as Avenida Paulista, shopping corridors like Shopping Center Norte, and connecting to suburban municipalities including Guarulhos via feeder services. Its capacity influences urban development patterns similar to transit corridors studied in Bogotá and Mexico City, affecting land use around stations, property values near Brás textile markets, and modal shifts from bus networks operated by SPTrans. Social impacts include accessibility improvements for residents of zones like Itaquera and congestion relief on parallel corridors such as Avenida Radial Leste.
Planned projects discussed by the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo and the State Secretariat of Metropolitan Transport of São Paulo include capacity upgrades, signaling modernization aligned with CBTC programs used by operators like MTR Corporation, and interconnection works with expansions of CPTM and proposed corridors studied in master plans by the Metropolitan Company of São Paulo (EMTU). Proposals have considered extensions to peripheral nodes influenced by urban strategies seen in Curitiba and Porto Alegre, with funding scenarios involving institutions such as the Inter-American Development Bank and partnerships with manufacturers like Siemens Mobility.