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| Lamna | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lamna |
| Taxon | Lamna |
| Subdivision ranks | Species |
Lamna is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, comprising large predatory sharks with cosmopolitan distributions. Members of this genus are notable in marine biology, paleontology, fisheries science, and conservation policy for their roles as apex predators, for their fossil record, and for their interactions with human industries. Researchers from institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution, Natural History Museum, London, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution have contributed extensively to knowledge of the genus.
The genus sits within the order Lamniformes and the class Chondrichthyes, and has been treated in systematic revisions by taxonomists associated with the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Royal Society. Historical authorities include descriptions from scientists connected with the Linnean Society of London and figures such as those at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Molecular phylogenetic studies by researchers at University of California, San Diego and laboratories collaborating with Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute have compared mitochondrial genomes with those of genera like Isurus, Carcharodon, and Alopias, informing debates in journals like Nature, Science, and Proceedings of the Royal Society B about lamnid relationships.
Extant species within the genus have been listed in checklists compiled by the IUCN Red List, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and national agencies such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Museums including the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Australian Museum house specimens referenced in taxonomic monographs. Key named species recognized by ichthyologists in publications from the Royal Society and the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society are documented in regional faunal works from institutions such as the South African Museum and the Tokyo University Museum.
Anatomical descriptions have been produced by comparative morphologists at universities including Harvard University, University of Cambridge, and Yale University, with imaging contributions from facilities like the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Typical characters used in diagnoses appear in field guides published by the Field Museum and keys used in collections at the American Museum of Natural History and the Natural History Museum, London. Internal anatomy and physiology have been subjects of study in laboratories at Imperial College London and University of Tokyo, and are discussed in texts from publishers such as Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press.
Range maps and habitat assessments have been prepared by organizations such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature and regional bodies like Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the European Commission. Occurrence records are curated in databases run by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System, with specimen records from museums including the Smithsonian Institution and the Australian Museum. Studies of pelagic distribution have been conducted by research groups at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
Ecological research involving Lamnidae has been led by scientists affiliated with the University of Miami, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Auckland, often appearing in journals such as Journal of Fish Biology, Marine Biology, and Ecology Letters. Tagging and tracking projects have been run by teams from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and the Cape Town University marine biology group. Predator–prey interactions involving this genus have been documented alongside species treated in studies at the California Academy of Sciences, the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, and the IUCN Shark Specialist Group.
Conservation status assessments have been produced by the IUCN Red List and by national agencies including NOAA Fisheries, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Australia), and the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries. Fisheries and bycatch records appear in reports from the Food and Agriculture Organization and regional fisheries management organizations such as the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Threat analyses and management plans have involved stakeholders including the Marine Stewardship Council, World Wildlife Fund, Greenpeace International, and academic groups at Duke University and University of Cape Town.
Paleontological research on Lamnidae and related taxa has been conducted by teams at the Natural History Museum, London, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Royal Tyrrell Museum. Fossil assemblages from formations studied by geologists at University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, and University of Oxford have contributed to interpretations in journals such as Paleobiology and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Important fossil localities and institutions involved include the Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, the Calvert Marine Museum, and the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, with analytical methods developed at centers like the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and the University of Tübingen.
Category:Shark genera