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| Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans | |
|---|---|
| Name | Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans |
| Established | 1970s |
| Type | Research laboratory |
| City | Clermont-Ferrand |
| Country | France |
| Affiliations | CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, IRD |
Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans is a French research laboratory specializing in volcanology, petrology, geochemistry and geophysics located in Clermont-Ferrand. It is affiliated with national and regional institutions and collaborates with international organizations to study magmatic processes, volcanic hazards and crustal evolution. The laboratory integrates field studies, experimental petrology, analytical geochemistry and numerical modelling to address questions relevant to hazard mitigation, planetary volcanism and global geochemical cycles.
The laboratory traces its intellectual lineage to research centers associated with Université Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and regional geological surveys linked to Service géologique national and postwar initiatives in French earth sciences. Influences include foundational work by researchers connected to Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, École Normale Supérieure, and historical field programs in the Massif Central and Montagne Pelée. Through the late 20th century the laboratory expanded via collaborations with Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and participation in European projects alongside institutions such as ETH Zurich, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Max Planck Society and Università di Pisa. Structural reorganizations aligned it with national research networks including Réseau National de Surveillance Volcanologique and European infrastructures like European Plate Observing System.
Research spans magmatic differentiation, volatile behaviour, eruption dynamics, crustal assimilation and mantle source heterogeneity. Programs address subtopics tied to observational campaigns at Puy de Dôme, Chaîne des Puys, Eyjafjallajökull, Vesuvius, Mount Etna, Kīlauea, and Mount St. Helens, and comparative studies with extraterrestrial volcanism such as on Mars, Io (moon), and Venus. The laboratory engages in experimental petrology using pressure–temperature series developed from methods pioneered at Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. It conducts geochemical tracing with isotope systems comparable to studies at University of California, Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Carnegie Institution for Science. Active projects are often funded through frameworks including Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Horizon 2020, European Research Council, and bilateral programs with National Science Foundation partners.
The laboratory houses analytical platforms for major- and trace-element geochemistry and isotope geochemistry, drawing methodological inspiration from facilities at Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, and Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées. Instrumentation includes electron microprobes akin to those at Imperial College London, multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers comparable to installations at ETH Zurich and Columbia University, and secondary ion mass spectrometers used in studies at California Institute of Technology. High-pressure and high-temperature experimental rigs follow designs employed at Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, and University of Leeds. Geophysical equipment for seismic, geodetic and electrical studies complements instruments used by Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology and European Seismological Commission partners.
The laboratory maintains partnerships with French and international bodies including CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, IRD, BRGM, Météo-France, and regional authorities in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. International academic links include University of Lisbon, ETH Zurich, University of Iceland, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Tokyo, Australian National University, University of British Columbia and Purdue University. It contributes to coordinated networks such as Global Volcanism Program, World Organization of Volcano Observatories, European Volcanological Society and thematic consortia funded by European Commission mechanisms. Collaborations extend to hazard agencies like Civil Protection France and multidisciplinary centers such as International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior.
The laboratory is a training hub for graduate and postdoctoral researchers enrolled at Université Clermont Auvergne, hosting doctoral candidates funded by Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation and European doctoral networks like Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions. Teaching links connect to programs at École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Strasbourg, University of Montpellier and summer schools run in partnership with International Union of Geosciences. Training covers field mapping in sites such as Auvergne Volcanoes Regional Natural Park, experimental techniques mirroring courses at Vesuvius Observatory and analytical workflows comparable to those taught at Geological Survey organizations.
The laboratory has produced significant work on magma plumbing systems, eruption triggers, volatile exsolution and crystal fractionation with citations in comparative studies involving Icelandic volcanoes, Campi Flegrei, Santorini, Popocatépetl, Soufrière Hills, and Mount Merapi. Its geochemical datasets contributed to mantle source characterizations alongside results from OIB (ocean island basalts) and MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalts) investigations by groups at University of Hawaii at Mānoa and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Experimental petrology advances influenced models used in assessment studies for European Aviation Safety Agency disruption scenarios after eruptions like Eyjafjallajökull eruption 2010. Outputs include methodological contributions adopted by Geological Survey of Japan and hazard assessment frameworks used by United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Governance is shared among stakeholders including CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne and IRD, with scientific direction coordinated by research committees similar to those at Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers. Administrative oversight interacts with regional authorities in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and national funding bodies such as Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The laboratory participates in national evaluation cycles of Haut Conseil de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur and aligns its strategic plans with European research agendas through mechanisms like European Research Area.
Category:Research institutes in France Category:Volcanology