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| La Gaceta de Buenos Aires | |
|---|---|
| Name | La Gaceta de Buenos Aires |
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| Foundation | 1810 |
| Ceased publication | 1821 |
| Language | Spanish |
| Headquarters | Buenos Aires |
La Gaceta de Buenos Aires was an early 19th-century Spanish-language periodical published in Buenos Aires that played a significant role during the May Revolution and the Argentine War of Independence period. Founded in 1810, the newspaper became a principal organ for the Primera Junta and subsequent Triumvirato and Directorio administrations, disseminating official proclamations, debates, and commentary on events across the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, Upper Peru, and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Its pages recorded interactions with figures and institutions such as May Week, Cornelio Saavedra, Mariano Moreno, Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli, Juan Martín de Pueyrredón, José de San Martín, Bernardo O'Higgins, Miguel de Azcuénaga, Mariano Necochea, and Santiago de Liniers.
La Gaceta de Buenos Aires was established in the wake of the Peninsular War and the abdications of Bayonne that affected the House of Bourbon and the Kingdom of Spain, linking its origin to debates in the Cisplatina and the political vacuum after the capture of Ferdinand VII. The newspaper debuted under the auspices of the Primera Junta in 1810 and became a vehicle for revolutionary communication during campaigns such as the Expedición al Alto Perú and the Army of the North operations. Across editorial shifts it reflected tensions between factions like the morenistas and the saavedrismo contingent, paralleling disputes involving the Junta Grande, the First Triumvirate, and the Second Triumvirate. Its run encompassed interactions with provincial leaders including Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez, Juan Bautista Alberdi-era thinkers, and later transitions into the Directorio and the administrations of Gervasio Antonio de Posadas and Carlos María de Alvear.
The paper published official proclamations by bodies such as the Primera Junta, Junta Grande, and the Triumvirates alongside essays that debated ideas from the Enlightenment currents associated with authors like John Locke, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire. It carried speeches and manifestos by leaders such as Mariano Moreno and Cornelio Saavedra, and reprinted dispatches relating to campaigns led by Manuel Belgrano, José de San Martín, Juan José Castelli, and Guillermo Brown. Coverage included reports on engagements like the Battle of Suipacha, Battle of Huaqui, and the Battle of Tucumán and notices on diplomatic links with actors such as José de San Martín’s allies in Chile, notably Bernardo O'Higgins, and relations with Portugal and the United Kingdom. Literary and scientific notices referenced works and institutions such as the Real Audiencia of Buenos Aires, the Cabildo of Buenos Aires, the University of Córdoba, the Real Colegio de San Carlos, and medical notes that sometimes cited physicians like Domingo Sarmiento and educators like Manuel Belgrano.
As an official gazette it mediated between insurgent authorities and local populations in provinces including Mendoza, Salta, Jujuy, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Tucumán and commented on provincial caudillos such as Juan Facundo Quiroga and Estanislao López. The paper helped legitimize decrees issued by the Primera Junta and later bodies, shaping public perception about campaigns against royalist forces commanded by figures like Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros and generals such as Pablo Morillo and José de Córdoba y Rojas. By publishing manifestos and military bulletins it contributed to mobilization for the Army of the Andes and the Expedición Libertadora del Perú under commanders including José de San Martín and collaborators like Nicolás de Iraola and Juan Gregorio de las Heras, while also covering international developments involving the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna, and British interests represented by envoys such as William Carr Beresford.
Staff and contributors included intellectuals and politicians such as Mariano Moreno, who influenced editorial tone, Juan José Castelli, Manuel Belgrano, Martín de Álzaga, Felipe Pereyra de Lucena, Miguel de Azcuénaga, Vicente López y Planes, Bernardo de Monteagudo, Hipólito Vieytes, Gregorio Funes, Francisco Narciso de Laprida, Carlos María de Alvear, Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Pedro Medrano, Antonio Sáenz, Domingo Matheu, Juan Larrea, Nicolás Rodríguez Peña, and printers such as Imprenta del Estado operators. The paper also reprinted works by foreign intellectuals and revolutionaries including Simon Bolívar, Antonio José de Sucre, José María Morelos, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, and commentators like Thomas Paine.
Published weekly from a central press in Buenos Aires, the gazette circulated through postal and courier networks connecting to ports like Cádiz, Montevideo, Buenos Aires Port and inland routes to Salta and Mendoza. Physical distribution relied on the Cabildo infrastructure and merchant networks involving families such as the Laprida and Ibarra houses and was accessible at institutions like the Real Consulado and the Mercantile Exchange of Buenos Aires. Typography and printing techniques paralleled those used by presses in Madrid, Lima, Mexico City, and Santiago, employing movable type and hand-press methods common prior to industrialization influences from England and France.
Contemporary reception ranged from praise by supporters including followers of Mariano Moreno and Juan José Castelli to criticism from royalists associated with the Viceroyalty and opponents like Santiago de Liniers sympathizers, with polemics echoed in rival pamphlets by figures such as Andrés de Irujo and Martín de Álzaga. Its legacy persisted in later Argentine journalism and historiography alongside successor publications and archives preserved in repositories like the Archivo General de la Nación (Argentina), the Biblioteca Nacional de la República Argentina, and university collections at the National University of Córdoba and the University of Buenos Aires. Historians referencing its pages include Bartolomé Mitre, Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, José María Rosa, and Julio Irazusta, and it remains a source for studies on the May Revolution, the Argentine War of Independence, and the formation of the Argentine Republic.
Category:Newspapers published in Argentina Category:History of Buenos Aires Category:Argentine War of Independence