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| Komando Pasukan Khusus | |
|---|---|
| Unit name | Komando Pasukan Khusus |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Branch | Tentara Nasional Indonesia |
| Type | Special forces |
| Role | Special operations |
| Command structure | Kostrad; Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat |
| Garrison | Cimahi |
| Notable commanders | Sendjaja, Prabowo Subianto, Doni Monardo |
Komando Pasukan Khusus is an Indonesian special forces formation within the Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat established to conduct counterinsurgency, direct action, reconnaissance, and unconventional warfare. It has been associated with operations across Indonesia, including conflicts on Irian Jaya and in the aftermath of the Indonesian National Revolution, and has interacted with regional and international units. The unit's history, organization, selection, operational employment, equipment, missions, insignia, and traditions reflect influences from diverse doctrines such as US Army Special Forces, British SAS, French Foreign Legion, and regional neighbors like Royal Malaysian Armed Forces and Singapore Armed Forces.
The origins trace to post-World War II developments and the Indonesian National Revolution when irregulars and elite cadres coalesced alongside formations such as RPKAD and elements of Kopassus. Early organizational lineage connects to figures like Sudirman (general), Abdul Haris Nasution, and officers trained overseas including contacts with US Army Special Forces (Green Berets), British Special Air Service, Australian Special Air Service Regiment, and French Army Special Forces Command (COM FOS). The Cold War era, involving events such as the 30 September Movement and operations in Aceh, Irian Jaya, East Timor, and Papua, shaped doctrine alongside interactions with Central Intelligence Agency advisors and training exchanges with Military Assistance Command, Vietnam veterans. During the Reformasi period after Suharto and the fall of the New Order (Indonesia), the unit underwent reforms tied to scrutiny from bodies like Komnas HAM and oversight by DPR RI. Regional security dynamics including the Maluku sectarian conflict, Aceh insurgency, and counterterrorism efforts against networks associated with Jemaah Islamiyah and Abu Sayyaf influenced missions and cooperation with US Indo-Pacific Command, Australian Defence Force, and ASEAN partners.
The formation is structured with battalion and company-level elements, command elements linked to Kostrad and the Kodam system. Its chain of command interacts with national defense institutions such as Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia and TNI Headquarters. Specialized squadrons maintain liaison with units like Kopaska, Paskhas, Denjaka, Brimob, Bakamla, and provincial Korem commands. Training and doctrine branches coordinate with academies including Akademi Militer (Magelang), Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Darat, and universities such as Institut Teknologi Bandung and Universitas Indonesia for research and development. Support functions incorporate logistics agencies like Badan Intelijen Negara interfaces and medical support from RSAD Dr. Sutomo and similar military hospitals.
Selection emphasizes physical endurance, mental resilience, and unconventional warfare skills drawn from curricula influenced by US Army Ranger School, SAS selection, and regional programs run with Royal Thai Army Special Warfare Command and Philippine Scout Rangers. Candidates progress through phases covering airborne operations with instructors from Indonesian Air Force (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara), maritime insertion with Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut units, jungle warfare reflecting lessons from Siliwangi Division traditions, and urban counterterrorism aligned with practices of FBI Hostage Rescue Team and GIGN. International courses attended by personnel include programs at United States Special Operations Command centers, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, and NATO Special Operations Forces exercises. Medical, demolition, sniper, and communications pipelines draw on expertise from institutes such as Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional and multinational exercises like RIMPAC and Cobra Gold.
Primary roles include counterinsurgency, direct action, hostage rescue, reconnaissance, and military assistance in support of Tentara Nasional Indonesia campaigns. Operations have ranged from domestic counterterrorism in coordination with Detachment 88 and Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme to international peacekeeping under United Nations mandates. The unit has conducted cross-border cooperation against maritime piracy linked to incidents in the Strait of Malacca and supported humanitarian assistance following disasters such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and the Mount Merapi eruption. Collaboration occurs with international counterparts including US Army Special Forces, British SAS, Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force, South Korean Special Warfare Command, and New Zealand Special Air Service in bilateral and multilateral exercises.
Equipment ranges from small arms to specialized vehicles, compatible with inventories of Indonesian forces including rifles, pistols, and machine guns similar to models used by Pindad, PT PAL, and foreign suppliers like FN Herstal, Heckler & Koch, Colt's Manufacturing Company, and Remington Arms. Air mobility relies on platforms from Indonesian Air Force such as transport aircraft and helicopters comparable to Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Mil Mi-17, and special operations-configured rotorcraft. Maritime insertions use craft akin to those from PT PAL and fast boats comparable to assets used by Royal Malaysian Navy special units. Communications, night-vision, and counter-IED equipment are procured through partnerships involving manufacturers and defense attachés from United States Department of Defense, European Defence Agency linked suppliers, and regional procurement with ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting frameworks.
Notable missions include participation in operations against insurgencies in Aceh, counterinsurgency deployments in East Timor during the withdrawal period associated with INTERFET, and counterterrorism actions linked to Bali bombings aftermath and operations targeting Jemaah Islamiyah networks. Humanitarian assistance and disaster response were notable during the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami and in relief efforts after the Sumbawa earthquakes. International cooperation missions involved joint exercises with United States Pacific Command, Australian Defence Force, Malaysian Armed Forces, and peacekeeping contributions under UNPROFOR-style mandates adapted to regional contexts.
Insignia and traditions reflect Indonesian military heraldry and regional influences, sharing ceremonial customs with units such as Kopassus, Kopaska, and Paskhas. Regimental colors, beret traditions, and unit crests draw on symbols from Indonesian historical figures like Sultan Hasanuddin and national icons referenced in institutions including Taman Makam Pahlawan commemorations. Ceremonial events coincide with national observances such as Hari Pahlawan and interactions with veterans' organizations like Legiun Veteran Republik Indonesia.
Category:Special forces of Indonesia Category:Military units and formations of Indonesia