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| Juriques | |
|---|---|
| Name | Juriques |
| Elevation m | 5710 |
| Location | Andes, Bolivia–Chile border |
| Type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | Holocene? (uncertain) |
Juriques is a stratovolcano located in the Andes on the Bolivia–Chile border near the Salar de Uyuni and adjacent to the Licancabur volcanic complex. The peak rises above the Altiplano near other Andean landmarks and is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, contributing to regional topography that includes salt flats, volcanoes, and high plateaus. The edifice is notable for its conical morphology, neighbor relationships with Licancabur and the Uyuni basin, and for attracting scientific interest from institutions studying Andean volcanism, glaciation, and high‑altitude ecosystems.
Juriques sits on the Altiplano near the Salar de Uyuni, south of the city of Uyuni and west of the town of San Pedro de Atacama; nearby volcanic and tectonic landmarks include Licancabur, Sairecabur, Láscar, Lascar Volcano, Toconao, Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve, and the Atacama Desert. The mountain displays a classic stratovolcanic cone with a breached summit crater open toward the Salar de Uyuni and neighboring cones such as Licancabur (volcano), forming a massif observable from the Altiplano plateau, Bolivian Andes, and Chilean highlands like Antofagasta Region. Access routes commonly originate from roads linking Uyuni, Calama, and San Pedro de Atacama, with staging areas near Laguna Verde (Bolivia), Laguna Blanca, and archaeological sites like Tatio Geysers region.
Juriques is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes Mountains and is underlain by Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic and sedimentary sequences associated with the Nazca Plate–South American Plate convergent margin and the regional arc that includes volcanoes such as Ojos del Salado, Llullaillaco, Parinacota, and Pomerape. Petrographically, the edifice is composed primarily of andesitic to dacitic lavas and pyroclastic deposits similar to compositions documented at Licancabur, Láscar, and Sairecabur. Geochemical signatures include arc‑type trace element patterns and isotopic affinities comparable to rocks from Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) volcanoes; regional studies conducted by institutions such as the Instituto de Geología and universities in Chile and Bolivia have sampled phenocryst assemblages including plagioclase, hornblende, and pyroxene, consistent with intermediate magmatism observed at Quaternary volcanoes in the area.
Radiometric and stratigraphic work places much of the volcanic activity in the Juriques‑Licancabur area in the Pleistocene to Holocene transition, with relative dating showing edifice construction younger than many neighboring Pliocene volcanic centers like Parinacota Volcano and older than some late Holocene deposits at Láscar. The summit crater and flanking lava flows indicate multiple eruptive phases, and comparisons with eruption chronologies from Ojos del Salado and Llullaillaco suggest episodic activity linked to arc‑scale magma pulses. Although no historical eruptions are recorded by agencies such as the Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería or the Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología, tephrochronology and geomorphic freshness of some deposits leave open the possibility of late Pleistocene to Holocene volcanism analogous to events at Lascar and other monitored Andean centers.
Juriques exhibits geomorphic evidence of high‑altitude glaciation and periglacial processes comparable to those documented on Llullaillaco, Ojos del Salado, and the Cordillera Real; glacial cirques, moraines, and trimlines on the cone reflect past snowline lowering during regional glacial maxima tied to Quaternary climate changes recognized in studies from Pleistocene glaciation of the Andes, Last Glacial Maximum, and paleoclimate reconstructions using ice cores and lake records from Lake Titicaca and the Salar de Uyuni basin. Modern interactions between diurnal freeze–thaw cycles, aeolian dust deposition from the Atacama Desert, and radiative forcing at high altitude influence slope stability, talus formation, and potential cryospheric remnants comparable to those monitored by research teams from Universidad de Chile and Universidad Mayor de San Andrés.
The mountain lies within a landscape frequented by miners, mountaineers, tourists visiting Salar de Uyuni and Laguna Colorada, and researchers from institutions such as Universidad de San Marcos, University of Chile, and international teams from Smithsonian Institution and British Antarctic Survey who study Andean volcanism. Routes to the summit are accessed from tracks linking Uyuni, San Pedro de Atacama, and Calama and require high‑altitude acclimatization similar to ascents of Licancabur and Llullaillaco; local guides and operators based in San Pedro de Atacama and Uyuni provide logistics. The region contains archaeological features associated with Andean cultures like the Inca Empire, evidenced elsewhere on neighboring summits such as Llullaillaco mummy discoveries, and is subject to regulations administered by national authorities including Bolivian Ministry of Culture and regional conservation frameworks for areas like the Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve.
At high elevations around the cone, vegetation is sparse but includes elements of the puna and high Andean biomes similar to communities studied in the Altiplano and around Laguna Colorada, with fauna such as Andean flamingo, vicuña, and specialized arthropods adapted to hypoxic conditions. Ecological research by universities and conservation organizations has documented microbial mats in high‑altitude lakes, extremophiles in thermal and saline habitats near Salar de Uyuni, and plant assemblages including frost‑tolerant grasses comparable to species recorded in the Andean puna. Conservation concerns intersect with tourism, mining interests, and climate‑driven shifts in water balance that affect wetlands and lagoons administered under regional protections involving agencies like the Servicio Nacional de Areas Protegidas and local municipalities.
Category:Volcanoes of the Andes Category:Stratovolcanoes Category:Bolivia–Chile border