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| Jornal do Commercio (Rio de Janeiro) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jornal do Commercio |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Foundation | 1827 |
| Ceased publication | 2016 (print) |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Headquarters | Rio de Janeiro |
Jornal do Commercio (Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian daily newspaper founded in 1827 in Rio de Janeiro during the Brazilian Empire that became one of the country's longest-running periodicals. Over its nearly two-century existence the paper intersected with figures such as Dom Pedro I, Dom Pedro II, Barão de Mauá, Getúlio Vargas and institutions like the Imperial Academy of Music and National Opera and the Academia Brasileira de Letras. It played roles in events from the Cabanagem aftermath to the Proclamation of the Republic (1889) and the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), influencing debates around trade, finance, and public affairs.
Founded in 1827 by merchants in Rio de Janeiro and linked to commercial interests including the Companhia das Índias Ocidentais traditions and families such as the Silva Jardim circle, the paper reported on the Pernambucan Revolt, the Praieira Revolt, and the consolidation of the Coffee cycle under figures like Barão de Mauá and Visconde de Mauá. During the reign of Dom Pedro II it covered diplomatic episodes involving United Kingdom, Portugal, and Argentina relations, while providing commentary on the Abolition of slavery in Brazil movement and personalities including José do Patrocínio and Rui Barbosa. In the early 20th century the newspaper documented industrialization, the rise of Washington Luís, the Vargas Era, and the Constitutionalist Revolution (1932), maintaining presence across the Estado Novo period and the postwar Second Brazilian Republic. The title survived media consolidation cycles alongside rivals such as O Globo and Jornal do Brasil until facing financial pressures in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and ceasing print publication in 2016 amid crises comparable to those confronting Folha de S.Paulo and Correio Braziliense.
The paper historically aligned with commercial liberalism associated with merchant elites and industrialists including the Barão de Mauá faction and later with conservatism found among the Oligarquias cafeicultoras and political leaders like Carlos Lacerda. Editorial stances often addressed trade policy debates involving the Mercantile interests of Rio de Janeiro, protectionism advocated by figures such as Getúlio Vargas, and fiscal policy contested by jurists like Rui Barbosa and Afonso Arinos. Across regimes the newspaper navigated censorship under the Estado Novo and repression during the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), sometimes publishing critiques referencing jurists like Pedro Aleixo and politicians like Tancredo Neves while at other times signaling alignment with conservative blocs such as those surrounding Jânio Quadros and Juscelino Kubitschek.
Ownership passed through merchant families, banking interests, and later corporate groups linked to finance houses akin to Banco do Brasil counterparts and media conglomerates similar to those owning O Globo and Grupo Folha. Editors and directors included leading journalists and intellectuals associated with the Academia Brasileira de Letras, with managerial ties to figures comparable to Octávio Gaspar and administrators resembling executives from Folha de S.Paulo and Estado de S. Paulo circles. During financial restructuring the title engaged investors and lawyers with backgrounds connected to institutions such as the Supreme Federal Court (Brazil) and firms akin to major publishing houses.
At its peak the newspaper circulated widely in Rio de Janeiro and the Southeast Region, Brazil competing with O Globo, Jornal do Brasil, and national dailies such as Folha de S.Paulo for readers in neighborhoods from Centro (Rio de Janeiro) to Copacabana and Ipanema. Distribution networks used printing facilities comparable to those of Diários Associados and logistic chains intersecting with port commerce at the Port of Rio de Janeiro. Declining advertising revenue affecting papers like Correio Braziliense and shifts to digital platforms paralleled its reduction in print circulation and eventual suspension of daily print editions.
The paper employed and published contributors including journalists, intellectuals, and politicians akin to Rui Barbosa, Euclides da Cunha, Joaquim Nabuco, Monteiro Lobato, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, and commentators resonant with the work of Mário de Andrade and Clarice Lispector in literary sections. Its coverage ranged from commercial reporting on coffee exports and shipping news linked to Port of Rio de Janeiro to political commentary on administrations of Getúlio Vargas, João Goulart, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and cultural pages featuring events at the Teatro Municipal (Rio de Janeiro) and exhibitions at the Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro). Investigative pieces paralleled inquiries by contemporaries at O Globo into corruption, public contracts, and legal disputes involving municipal bodies like the Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro.
Throughout its run the newspaper faced libel suits and censorship episodes during periods such as the Estado Novo and the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), bringing it into litigation arenas involving the Supreme Federal Court (Brazil) and prosecutors. Disputes with political figures akin to Carlos Lacerda and business rivals led to court battles and regulatory scrutiny reminiscent of high-profile cases that involved press freedom debates framed by entities like the Order of Attorneys of Brazil and labor claims processed in tribunals comparable to the Tribunal Superior do Trabalho.
The newspaper's legacy endures in studies of Brazilian press history alongside institutions such as the Academia Brasileira de Letras and archives maintained by cultural bodies like the Museu da Imprensa and university collections at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and the Fundação Getulio Vargas. Its long run influenced generations of journalists associated with the evolution of Portuguese-language press practices, investigative traditions mirrored by outlets such as Veja and Época, and debates on media plurality involving regulators similar to ANCINE and scholars at the Universidade de São Paulo. Its archives remain reference points for scholars examining the Brazilian Empire, the Republican period in Brazil, and 20th-century political transformations.
Category:Newspapers published in Brazil Category:Mass media in Rio de Janeiro (city) Category:Portuguese-language newspapers