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| Jharkhand Legislative Assembly | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jharkhand Legislative Assembly |
| Native name | झारखण्ड विधान सभा |
| House type | Unicameral |
| Established | 2000 |
| Term length | 5 years |
| Leader1 type | Speaker |
| Leader1 | (see Leadership and Organization) |
| Members | 81 |
| Meeting place | Ranchi |
Jharkhand Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Jharkhand constituted under the Constitution of India following the creation of Jharkhand in 2000. It meets in Ranchi and comprises 81 elected members representing territorial constituencies created under the Delimitation Commission of India and the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The Assembly functions within the federal framework established by the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India and interacts with institutions such as the Chief Minister of Jharkhand, the Governor of Jharkhand, the Election Commission of India, and the Supreme Court of India on matters of jurisdiction and law.
The Assembly was formed after the enactment of the Jharkhand Act, 2000 which followed political movements like the Jharkhand Movement and negotiations involving entities such as the Bharatiya Janata Party, the Indian National Congress, and regional organizations including the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and the All India Trinamool Congress in the late 20th century. Early sittings referenced precedents from the Bihar Legislative Assembly and were influenced by rulings from the Patna High Court and the Supreme Court of India on state reorganization, fiscal allocation, and scheduled tribes protections under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. Subsequent electoral cycles featured contests among parties like the Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik), Rashtriya Janata Dal, and Aam Aadmi Party, while national events such as the 2004 Indian general election, the 2014 Indian general election, and the 2019 Indian general election affected coalition dynamics and legislative agendas.
The Assembly comprises 81 members elected from single-member constituencies established by the Delimitation Commission of India under the Representation of the People Act, 1950. Seats are contested under the first-past-the-post system used in Indian state legislatures, supervised by the Election Commission of India with electoral rolls maintained according to rules from the Chief Electoral Officer of Jharkhand. Certain constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes consistent with provisions in the Constitution of India, and bye-elections follow the precedent set by notifications from the Union Home Ministry and judgments from the Supreme Court of India on electoral malpractice and anti-defection matters under the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Legislative competence is delineated by the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India across the State List and the Concurrent List, affecting statutes on subjects such as land, forests, and local governance recognized in laws like the Forest Rights Act, 2006 and statutes administered by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs. The Assembly enacts bills that require assent from the Governor of Jharkhand and may be subject to judicial review by the Jharkhand High Court and the Supreme Court of India. Budgetary authority parallels practices in other legislatures, involving appropriation bills prepared under guidelines from the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and scrutinized via questions, motions, and no-confidence procedures influenced by precedents from the Lok Sabha and state assemblies such as the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
Leadership roles include the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, the Deputy Speaker, the Leader of the House (usually the Chief Minister of Jharkhand), and the Leader of the Opposition recognized under rules similar to those in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly and the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. The Governor performs constitutional functions mirroring those in the President of India-state relationship, including summons and prorogation, with discretionary powers delineated in cases like S. R. Bommai v. Union of India. Legislative staff and officers follow schemes comparable to the Rajya Sabha secretariat and state assembly services, and the Assembly maintains liaison with central agencies such as the Ministry of Home Affairs and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
The Assembly operates standing and ad hoc committees patterned on models from the Committee on Public Accounts and the Committee on Estimates of the Parliament of India. Subject committees examine bills, financial commitments, and departmental performance, interacting with entities like the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, the State Finance Commission, and administrative departments including the Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Authority. Ethics, privileges, and petition committees handle member conduct and public grievances, referencing procedures used by the Kerala Legislative Assembly and standards influenced by decisions of the Privileges Committee in the Lok Sabha.
Sessions—Budget, Monsoon, and Winter rounds—are summoned by the Governor of Jharkhand with agendas set by the Assembly Secretariat and guided by Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business modeled on the Constitution of India and practices from the Parliament of India. Parliamentary devices such as question hour, zero hour, adjournment motions, calling attention motions, and special mentions are employed similarly to the Lok Sabha and state legislatures like the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Proceedings may be challenged in courts under constitutional writ jurisdiction exemplified by petitions before the Jharkhand High Court and the Supreme Court of India.
The Assembly meets in the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha complex in Ranchi, constructed with influences from civic projects overseen by the Jharkhand State Building Construction Department and urban planning linked to the Ranchi Development Authority. Facilities include chambers, committee rooms, and archives, maintained by the Directorate of Estates and aligned with standards from the Central Public Works Department and legislative precincts such as the Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and Karnataka Legislative Assembly. Security and protocol involve coordination with the Jharkhand Police, Central Reserve Police Force, and state protocol units during sessions and official visits by dignitaries like the President of India and the Prime Minister of India.
Category:State legislatures of India