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| International Strategy for Risk Reduction | |
|---|---|
| Name | International Strategy for Risk Reduction |
| Formation | 1990s |
| Headquarters | Geneva |
| Region served | Global |
| Leader title | Coordinator |
| Parent organization | United Nations |
International Strategy for Risk Reduction is a global policy approach coordinating disaster risk reduction, resilience building, and hazard mitigation among multilateral institutions, regional bodies, and national authorities. It synthesizes guidance from the United Nations system, regional organizations such as the European Union and African Union, and technical agencies including the World Bank, the World Health Organization, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The strategy informs treaty processes, financing mechanisms, and operational standards across humanitarian, development, and climate governance arenas such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, and the Paris Agreement.
The strategy articulates principles promoted by actors including the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to harmonize risk assessments, preparedness, and recovery efforts. It connects operational doctrines from agencies like USAID, DFID (now Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office), and the European Commission with standards promulgated by the International Organization for Standardization and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Key partners include the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Bank, and philanthropic funders such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Origins trace to post-war multilateralism exemplified by the United Nations Charter and early humanitarian coordination at the League of Nations successor bodies, evolving through milestones such as the Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World, the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, and the Rio Earth Summit. Influential events include lessons from the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami of 2004, the Hurricane Katrina response, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The strategy interfaces with legal instruments like the Sendai Framework and with finance initiatives including the Green Climate Fund and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery.
Core components include risk assessment, risk governance, risk financing, early warning systems, resilient infrastructure, and recovery planning, reflecting standards from bodies such as the International Telecommunication Union, the World Meteorological Organization, and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction legacy. Principles draw from instruments negotiated at the United Nations General Assembly, norms advanced by the Human Rights Council, and technical guidance from the Food and Agriculture Organization and UNICEF to protect vulnerable populations identified by International Labour Organization and UN Women analyses. Cross-cutting themes link to the Sustainable Development Goals, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and COP processes.
Operational tools encompass hazard mapping produced with satellite data from the European Space Agency and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, model outputs from the IPCC, and capacity-building curricula developed by the World Bank Institute and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. Financial instruments include insurance pools like the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility, catastrophe bonds marketed through Lloyd's of London, and contingency financing from the International Monetary Fund. Legal and policy instruments include national adaptation plans submitted under the UNFCCC, local urban resilience codes influenced by the International Code Council, and humanitarian coordination mechanisms used by OCHA.
Multilateral actors such as the United Nations Security Council, the World Bank Group, and regional blocs like the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Organization of American States set normative agendas, while national ministries of finance, interior, and environment implement regulations aligned with supranational commitments. Civil society organizations including Médecins Sans Frontières, Oxfam International, and Save the Children deliver programs alongside private sector firms like Google, Microsoft, and multinational insurers, and academic networks anchored at institutions such as Harvard University, University of Oxford, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produce research and training.
Monitoring frameworks rely on indicators linked to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework Monitor, with reporting coordinated by agencies including the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the World Bank. Data sources include national statistical offices, satellite constellations run by the European Commission Copernicus Programme, and research consortia such as the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Evaluation methodologies draw on approaches used by the International Development Association, peer reviews like those of the Human Rights Council, and audit standards from the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions.
Critiques focus on fragmentation among actors like the International Monetary Fund and regional development banks, uneven funding priorities by donors such as the United States Agency for International Development and the European Investment Bank, and governance gaps in fragile settings exemplified by conflicts in Syria and Yemen. Technical challenges involve integrating climate projections from the IPCC with socioeconomic scenarios from the World Bank and operationalizing anticipatory action advocated by Standing Commission on Disaster Risk Reduction stakeholders. Future directions emphasize financing innovation with instruments developed at forums like the World Economic Forum, enhanced science–policy interfaces exemplified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and deeper localization aligned with networks such as Local Government Association and faith-based actors like the Vatican.
Category:Disaster risk reduction