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| International Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change | |
|---|---|
| Name | International Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change |
| Abbreviation | INDAС |
| Formation | 1980s |
| Type | International scientific network |
| Headquarters | Geneva |
| Region served | Global |
International Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change. The International Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change was established as a coordinated, multinational effort to monitor trace gases, aerosols, and radiatively active constituents across the United Nations system, linking observational capabilities of agencies such as the World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, European Space Agency, and major research institutions including National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Max Planck Society, French National Centre for Scientific Research, British Antarctic Survey, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The network underpins policy-relevant assessments by bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement through standardized measurements and long-term time series critical to understanding ozone depletion, climate change, and air pollution.
The network traces intellectual antecedents to programs initiated by World Meteorological Organization and International Council for Science collaborations in the late 20th century and formalized interactions among Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling (ACOM) groups, Global Atmosphere Watch, Global Climate Observing System, and national laboratories including CSIRO, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Helmholtz Association, and universities such as University of Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Oxford, University of California, San Diego, ETH Zurich, Imperial College London, Peking University, University of Tokyo, University of Toronto, and Australian National University. Early influential projects included the Icelandic Atmospheric Observatory, Mauna Loa Observatory, Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station, and the NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division initiatives, with technical input from instrument developers at Thermo Fisher Scientific, Horiba, AGAGE, and national metrology institutes like National Institute of Standards and Technology and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt.
Primary objectives align with mandates of World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Programme to detect, attribute, and project changes in atmospheric composition affecting stratospheric ozone, greenhouse gases, tropospheric ozone, and particulate matter. The scope spans long-lived greenhouse gases monitored in programs by NOAA, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, AGAGE, ICOS, and ESNET, as well as short-lived climate forcers tracked by European Environment Agency, National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Brazilian National Institute for Space Research, South African Weather Service, and polar programs run by Scott Polar Research Institute and Alfred Wegener Institute. Policy-relevant outputs feed reports by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, and treaty bodies for the Montreal Protocol and Minamata Convention on Mercury.
Membership comprises national monitoring agencies, academic consortia, and operational observatories such as Zotino Tall Tower Observatory, Barrow Observatory, Baring Head, Lauder Atmospheric Research Station, Neumayer Station III, and Davis Station. Governance draws on advisory boards with representatives from World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, European Commission, National Science Foundation, Natural Environment Research Council, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Centre National d'Études Spatiales, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Canadian Space Agency, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, and regional networks like Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research and African Union Commission. Technical working groups collaborate with programmatic partners including Global Climate Observing System, Group on Earth Observations, Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, and International Arctic Research Center.
Measurement methods integrate in situ, remote sensing, and laboratory calibration techniques developed at institutions like National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Copernicus Programme, Met Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Universität Bremen, University of Leeds, University of Manchester, Columbia University, Brown University, Rutgers University, Yale University, Princeton University, Cornell University, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Washington, and University of Hawaii. Instrumentation includes gas chromatographs, cavity ring-down spectrometers, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers, lidar systems, aerosol mass spectrometers, and ozonesondes supplied by manufacturers and research labs including Picarro, Aerodyne Research, Bruker, Leosphere, Campbell Scientific, and R.M. Young Company. Satellite missions providing complementary observations include OCO-2, Sentinel-5P, GOSAT, Aqua, Aura, Terra, CALIPSO, SMAP, MetOp, Jason-3, Envisat, ERS-2, ICESat-2, and Suomi NPP.
Data stewardship follows best practices from Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch, Global Earth Observation System of Systems, Data Quality Objectives, and national data centers such as NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, British Atmospheric Data Centre, PANGAEA, EMBRC, and World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases. Quality assurance and intercomparisons involve metrology collaborations with International Bureau of Weights and Measures, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Centre de Recherches et d'Études de la Propriété Intellectuelle, Met Office Hadley Centre, Jülich Research Centre, and laboratory networks participating in blind intercomparison exercises pioneered by Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment and IO3C. Data portals coordinate through GEOSS, Copernicus Climate Change Service, NOAA ESRL, ICOS Carbon Portal, Earth System Grid Federation, and repositories used by European Space Agency and NASA.
Contributions include attribution studies for Keeling Curve-era increases in carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa Observatory and global budgets used in IPCC Assessment Reports, detection of stratospheric ozone depletion linked to chlorofluorocarbons informing the Montreal Protocol, quantification of methane sources cited in reports by Global Carbon Project and International Energy Agency, and advances in understanding aerosol radiative forcing employed by Hadley Centre and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory climate simulations. Network data underpin sectoral emission inventories used by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiators and national transparency frameworks, and have supported impact studies related to Arctic amplification, Antarctic ozone hole recovery, urban air quality assessments in megacities like Beijing, Delhi, Los Angeles, Mexico City, and São Paulo, and international health analyses cited by World Health Organization.
The network maintains partnerships with satellite agencies NASA, European Space Agency, JAXA, ROSZKOSMOS, CSA, and with research consortia including ICOS, AGAGE, TCCON, ACTRIS, EMEP, Asian Pacific Network, AmeriFlux, and FLUXNET. It engages with treaty bodies such as Montreal Protocol and Minamata Convention on Mercury, funding agencies like National Science Foundation, Horizon Europe, DFG, ANR, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and with capacity-building programs through UNIDO, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and regional centers including ICIMOD and CICERO. Ongoing collaborations extend to interdisciplinary partners at Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Stockholm Environment Institute, Centre for International Governance Innovation, and Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory.
Category:Atmospheric sciences