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| Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) |
| Native name | Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia |
| Formed | 1909 |
| Jurisdiction | Brazil |
| Headquarters | Brasília |
| Parent agency | Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply |
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) is the federal meteorological service of Brazil responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting, climate monitoring and warnings. It operates a national network of surface and upper-air stations, issues public and aviation forecasts, and supports research tied to agriculture, aviation and civil protection. INMET coordinates with international meteorological and aviation organizations to integrate Brazilian meteorology into global systems.
Founded in 1909 during the First Brazilian Republic, INMET evolved from early observatories established in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo to a nationwide agency. The institute developed alongside institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and collaborations with the Brazilian Space Agency and National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Throughout the 20th century INMET modernized instrumentation influenced by standards from the World Meteorological Organization and adopted radiosonde networks used in programs tied to the International Geophysical Year and satellite-era initiatives following launches by Arianespace and NASA. Political and administrative reforms in the New Republic (Brazilian)}] era and changes under different administrations shaped INMET’s remit, including integration with civil aviation authorities such as Departamento de Controle do Espaço Aéreo and contributions to national responses during extreme events like floods in the Amazon Rainforest and droughts affecting the Northeast Region, Brazil.
INMET is structured with technical and regional units reporting to the federal ministry responsible for agriculture. Leadership appointments have been influenced by ministerial directives from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and coordination with agencies such as Civil Aviation Department (Brazil) and the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC). Administrative divisions include operational centers in Brasília, regional offices linked to capitals like Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador, and operational labs collaborating with universities such as the University of São Paulo and the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Budgetary and regulatory interactions occur with bodies including the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and parliamentary committees in the National Congress of Brazil.
INMET provides synoptic, climatic and agrometeorological services for sectors including agriculture, aviation, maritime operations and emergency management. Core products include surface observations, upper-air soundings, public forecasts, severe-weather warnings, climatological records and historical databases used by institutions like the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), the National Water Agency (ANA), and emergency agencies such as Corpo de Bombeiros (Brazil). Aviation services align with standards from the International Civil Aviation Organization and navigation units in coordination with DECEA. INMET also supplies data for scientific studies at centers like the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and environmental monitoring programs in the Pantanal and Amazon River Basin.
INMET operates an extensive network of surface meteorological stations, upper-air radiosonde sites, automated weather stations and climatological observatories located across Brazilian biomes including the Amazon Rainforest, Cerrado, Caatinga, Atlantic Forest, Pampa and Pantanal. Instrumentation standards reference protocols from the World Meteorological Organization, and the network interconnects with satellite data from the Geostationary Satellite (GOES) series and polar-orbiting platforms used by agencies such as NOAA and EUMETSAT. INMET maintains dataloggers, telemetry links and quality-control centers that provide feeds to aviation, maritime and research users; field operations often partner with the Brazilian Air Force for upper-air launches and with regional universities for station maintenance.
INMET conducts and supports research in synoptic climatology, mesoscale meteorology, climate variability and agroclimatology, collaborating with national research institutions like INPE, Embrapa, and universities including Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Research themes include interactions among the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, and regional hydroclimate impacts. INMET scientists publish findings and contribute to multi-institution programs such as projects linked to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments and regional climate modeling efforts that employ numerical models developed in partnership with centers like the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and national modeling groups.
Operational forecasting at INMET uses numerical weather prediction outputs, satellite imagery, and observational assimilations to produce public forecasts, aviation meteorological reports, and severe-weather alerts for phenomena such as convective storms, floods, droughts and heatwaves. Warning dissemination channels include bulletins coordinated with the National Civil Defense System (Brazil) and communications to stakeholders such as state governments and transport authorities in São Paulo and Bahia. Forecast products are informed by models and data exchanges with international centers including ECMWF, NOAA National Weather Service, and regional meteorological services like Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (Argentina).
INMET engages in technical cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization, participates in regional initiatives of Regional Association I (RA I) and collaborates bilaterally with meteorological services such as Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina), Instituto de Hidrometeorología (Uruguay), Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (Peru), and global partners including NOAA and EUMETSAT. International partnerships support data exchange, capacity building, training programs with universities like the University of Oxford and research consortia, and contributions to global observing systems associated with Global Climate Observing System and Global Telecommunications System.
Category:Meteorological agencies