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| Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ministry of Environment and Forestry |
| Native name | Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan |
| Formed | 1945 (origins), 2014 (merger) |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Minister | Siti Nurbaya Bakar |
| Parent agency | Cabinet of Indonesia |
Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry oversees conservation, land management, pollution control, and forest administration in Indonesia. The ministry resulted from a fusion of separate environment and forestry institutions and operates within the executive branch under the President of Indonesia. It interfaces with regional administrations, state enterprises, international agencies, and civil society to implement national plans such as the National Medium-Term Development Plan and the Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement.
The ministry traces antecedents to the colonial-era Department of Forestry and early republican bodies like the Ministry of Agriculture divisions and the post-independence Ministry of Public Works forestry units. During the Suharto era, institutions such as the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation and the Forestry Research and Development Agency expanded. Democratic transitions led to the establishment of the State Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Forestry as separate entities. Under President Joko Widodo, a 2014 cabinet reorganization merged the two into the current ministry, reflecting policy shifts after events like the 1997–1998 1997 Southeast Asian haze and the 2015 2015 Southeast Asian haze crisis. Key ministers and figures have included Wahju Heriono (environmental administration), Rachmat Witoelar, Gatot Dewa Broto, and Siti Nurbaya Bakar, with institutional links to the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Corruption Eradication Commission, and the Supreme Court of Indonesia through litigation over land and permits.
The ministry is led by a minister appointed by the President of Indonesia and supported by a secretariat and multiple directorates general such as Directorate General of Climate Change, Directorate General of Sustainable Forest Management, Directorate General of Conservation of Natural Resources and Ecosystems, and Directorate General of Law Enforcement. It liaises with state-owned enterprises like Perhutani and PT Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper, research institutions such as the Research Center for Climate Change, academic partners including Bogor Agricultural University, University of Indonesia, and Gadjah Mada University, and civil society organizations like World Wildlife Fund, WWF-Indonesia, Greenpeace, Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia, and The Nature Conservancy. Leadership interacts with regional governors, mayors in provinces like Riau province, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, and agencies such as the National Disaster Management Authority (BNPB) and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
Mandates include forest management, peatland protection, biodiversity conservation, pollution control, and climate mitigation aligned with the Paris Agreement and the Kalimantan forest and land fires responses. The ministry issues permits, implements moratoria such as the one influenced by the Letter of Intent between Indonesia and Norway, and enforces regulations through actions related to the Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) process, peatland restoration under the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), and fire prevention strategies responding to the 2015 Southeast Asian haze crisis. Policy instruments reference international frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity, CITES, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change while coordinating with the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries on mangrove conservation and with Ministry of Agriculture on sustainable plantations.
Major programs include REDD+ readiness and implementation linked to the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, the national peatland restoration program in coordination with the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), community forestry schemes related to the Social Forestry Program, and conservation projects for flagship species such as the orangutan, Sumatran tiger, and Javan rhinoceros. The ministry implements spatial planning through the One Map Policy with the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), supports national parks like Gunung Leuser National Park, Komodo National Park, and Ujung Kulon National Park, and runs reforestation and afforestation initiatives in collaboration with Asian Development Bank, World Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and bilateral partners including Norway, Japan, and Germany. It also administers licensing reforms, timber legality verification via the SVLK system, and peatland fire suppression alongside the Indonesian National Police and Indonesian National Armed Forces.
The ministry enforces statutes such as the Law on the Environment (Undang-Undang Lingkungan Hidup), the Forestry Law (Undang-Undang Kehutanan), and regulations stemming from presidential and ministerial decrees. It adjudicates matters informed by precedents from the Constitutional Court of Indonesia and coordinates with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights on regulatory drafts. International legal instruments include commitments under the Paris Agreement, Convention on Biological Diversity, and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Enforcement mechanisms involve administrative sanctions, criminal referrals to public prosecutors, and civil remedies pursued through forums like the Administrative Court of Indonesia.
Funding derives from the national budget approved by the People's Representative Council (DPR), multilateral loans from the World Bank and Asian Development Bank, bilateral grants from partners such as Norway and Japan, and partnerships with state enterprises like Perhutani and private sector actors including the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil stakeholders. Line items cover conservation, law enforcement, reforestation, and community programs, with oversight by institutions including the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK) and parliamentary committees of the DPR.
The ministry engages in bilateral and multilateral cooperation through mechanisms such as the Letter of Intent between Indonesia and Norway, participation in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change processes, and cooperation with organizations like the United Nations Environment Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization. Regional engagement includes work within the ASEAN Cooperation frameworks addressing transboundary haze via the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, collaboration with Malaysia and Singapore on air quality, and partnerships on peatland science with institutions like CIFOR and ICRAF. The ministry also contributes to global biodiversity initiatives under the Convention on Biological Diversity and climate finance mechanisms like the Green Climate Fund.
Category:Government ministries of Indonesia Category:Environmental agencies