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| INDECI (Peru) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil |
| Native name | Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil |
| Abbreviation | INDECI |
| Formation | 1970s |
| Type | Public agency |
| Headquarters | Lima |
| Region served | Peru |
| Leader title | President |
| Parent organization | Presidency of the Council of Ministers |
INDECI (Peru) is the Peruvian national disaster risk management agency responsible for prevention, preparedness, response and recovery in natural and anthropogenic emergencies. It operates within the executive framework alongside institutions such as Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Peru), Ministry of Health (Peru), Ministry of Transport and Communications (Peru), Ministry of Interior (Peru), and regional governments including Lima Province. INDECI coordinates with international organizations like the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Bank, and bilateral partners including United States Agency for International Development, Japan International Cooperation Agency, and European Union missions in Peru.
INDECI functions at the intersection of national policy shaped by the Constitution of Peru, regulatory frameworks such as the National Civil Defense System (Peru), and operational standards informed by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Inter-American Development Bank, and technical guidance from the Pan American Health Organization. It serves urban centers like Lima, Callao, Arequipa, Trujillo, and Cusco as well as rural provinces across the Andes, Amazon Rainforest, and Peruvian coastal desert. INDECI liaises with scientific institutions such as the Geophysical Institute of Peru, National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru, Peruvian Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute, and academic actors like the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, National University of San Marcos, and Cayetano Heredia University.
INDECI emerged from earlier civil defense arrangements following major events including the 1970 Ancash earthquake and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation impacts of the 1980s and 1990s. Its evolution was shaped by international disaster diplomacy involving actors such as UNICEF, World Health Organization, and postal-disaster assistance coordinated with the International Committee of the Red Cross. Legislative milestones intersect with reforms by presidents like Alan García, Alejandro Toledo, Alan García (second term), Ollanta Humala, and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski who influenced administrative restructuring. Major operational tests included responses to the 2007 Peru floods, the 2017 Peru floods and landslides, and seismic crises during administrations of Alberto Fujimori and Martín Vizcarra. INDECI’s institutional memory incorporates lessons from humanitarian actors including Médecins Sans Frontières, Oxfam, and Save the Children.
INDECI is governed administratively within the framework of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Peru), reporting to ministers and coordinating with cabinet agencies such as the Ministry of Defense (Peru), Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru), and Ministry of Culture (Peru). Its governance structures interact with regional governments like Arequipa Region Government, municipal authorities in Lima Province, provincial mayors including those from Trujillo and Cusco, and decentralized bodies formed under the Law of Bases of the National System of Civil Defense. The agency also interfaces with security institutions such as the National Police of Peru, Peruvian Armed Forces, and specialized units like the National Firefighters Corps of Peru, while engaging private-sector partners including Cementos Lima and utilities such as Electroperú for infrastructure resilience.
INDECI’s statutory responsibilities encompass hazard mapping with agencies like the Geophysical Institute of Peru and INGEMMET, early warning dissemination with the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru, evacuation planning in coordination with municipal authorities, and post-disaster relief logistics with humanitarian networks including Red Cross Society of Peru and international NGOs. It oversees risk reduction initiatives in critical sectors—transportation corridors such as the Pan-American Highway (South America), heritage sites including Machu Picchu, and urban infrastructure in Callao seaports—while advising on building codes referenced to standards influenced by the International Code Council and engineering faculties at National University of Engineering (Peru). Fiscal responsibilities involve budget interactions with the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru) and programming with multilateral funds like the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery.
Operationally, INDECI activates national emergency operations centers that coordinate with regional emergency operations centers in provinces such as Piura, Ica Region, Ancash, and Loreto. Response operations have integrated air and maritime assets provided by the Peruvian Air Force, Peruvian Navy, and logistical support from the National Police of Peru during complex incidents like the 2017 coastal floods and volcanic activity at Sabancaya. Medical surge coordination involves Ministry of Health (Peru) hospitals, field hospitals deployed with support from Pan American Health Organization, and partnerships with university hospitals such as EsSalud facilities. INDECI also manages debris removal coordination with municipal sanitation services and private contractors including multinational engineering firms.
INDECI delivers capacity building through training programs in collaboration with academic partners like Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and National University of San Marcos, international trainers from United Nations Development Programme, and emergency simulation exercises with the International Red Cross. Public education campaigns target schools overseen by the Ministry of Education (Peru), coastal communities engaged in fisheries with support from the Ministry of Production (Peru), and indigenous communities in the Amazon Rainforest working with organizations such as Amazon Conservation Association. Programs include early warning drills, community-based disaster risk management workshops, and technical courses for municipal civil defense committees.
Critiques of INDECI have cited coordination gaps noted during events like the 2007 Peru floods and the 2017 Peru floods and landslides, budget constraints tied to allocations from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru), and institutional rigidity raised by scholars at Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and National University of San Marcos. Challenges include climate change impacts linked to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, urbanization pressures in Lima, deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest, and infrastructure vulnerability along the Pan-American Highway (South America)]. Reforms advocated involve legislative amendments debated in the Congress of the Republic of Peru, technical modernization with assistance from the World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank, and enhanced community-based resilience promoted by civil society groups including Peruvian Red Cross and local NGOs.
Category:Emergency management in Peru