Horyzont 2020 — LLMpedia

Horyzont 2020
Name	Horyzont 2020
Type	Research and innovation programme
Region	European Union
Launched	2014
Funding period	2014–2020

Contents

Horyzont 2020.

Overview

Horyzont 2020 was a European Union research and innovation programme coordinated alongside entities such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Court of Auditors, and the European Investment Bank to advance scientific and technological development across member states like Poland, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain; it connected initiatives involving the European Research Council, the Joint Research Centre, the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the CERN research community, and institutions such as the Max Planck Society, the CNRS, the Fraunhofer Society, and the University of Oxford while interfacing with international partners including the United States, the Japan, the Canada, the Australia, and the China.

The programme operated through pillars connected to entities like the European Research Council, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, and the European Innovation Council while utilising financial instruments managed by the European Investment Bank, the European Investment Fund, the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, and national agencies such as the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, the German Research Foundation, and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche and distributing grants, prizes, and contracts similar to mechanisms employed by the Wellcome Trust, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Science Foundation of the United States.

Participants included universities like the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, the Sorbonne University, the University of Bologna, and the University of Warsaw; research organisations such as the Max Planck Society, the CSIC, the CERN, the Fraunhofer Society, and the CNRS; small and medium-sized enterprises comparable to members of the European Trade Union Confederation networks and multinationals active in partnerships with corporations like Siemens, Bayer, Airbus, IBM, and Philips; beneficiaries ranged from non-profit organisations such as Médecins Sans Frontières and Greenpeace to public bodies like the European Environment Agency and the European Chemicals Agency.

Notable projects linked to the programme intersected with high-profile efforts including the Graphene Flagship, the Human Brain Project, the Quantum Flagship, the Battery Alliance, and collaborations with the European Space Agency on missions akin to Rosetta (spacecraft), alongside health-related consortia interfacing with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the European Medicines Agency and outcomes that influenced standards in sectors represented by Airbus, Siemens, BASF, and Novartis while producing publications in journals like Nature, Science, The Lancet, Cell, and Physical Review Letters.

Critiques were voiced by stakeholders including members of the European Parliament, officials from the European Court of Auditors, representatives of the Open Knowledge Foundation, leaders within the European Trade Union Confederation, and researchers from institutions such as the Max Planck Society and the National Institutes of Health over issues concerning funding allocation, administrative burden, intellectual property arrangements with corporations like Google and Microsoft, regional imbalances affecting countries such as Greece, Portugal, and Romania, and debates involving policy agendas referenced by the European Commission and the Council of the European Union.

The programme influenced successor frameworks and related initiatives including Horizon Europe, the European Green Deal, the European Digital Strategy, the NextGenerationEU recovery plan, the European Innovation Council, and the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions by shaping budgetary priorities of the European Commission, informing audits by the European Court of Auditors, guiding investments by the European Investment Bank and the European Investment Fund, and affecting strategic partnerships with global organisations such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and national funding agencies like the German Research Foundation and the National Science Foundation.