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| Hohokam redware | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hohokam redware |
| Region | Sonoran Desert, Gila River (Arizona), Salt River (Arizona), Phoenix, Arizona |
| Period | Pre-Columbian era |
| Culture | Hohokam |
| Materials | clay, hematite slip, mineral temper |
| Notable sites | Snaketown, Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument |
Hohokam redware is a widely studied ceramic tradition produced by the prehistoric Hohokam culture in the central and southern Arizona basin and range province. It is characterized by a red slipped surface and painted polychrome motifs, found in contexts at major sites such as Snaketown, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, and Pecos National Historical Park excavations. Archaeologists from institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University, and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology have analyzed its manufacturing, distribution, and social roles across settlements including Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park and Saguaro National Park field projects.
Hohokam redware appears across a broad landscape including the Gila River (Arizona), Salt River (Arizona), and tributaries near Tucson, Arizona and Phoenix, Arizona, with assemblages documented in excavation reports by the Arizona State Museum, the Museum of Northern Arizona, and the American Museum of Natural History. Early systematic descriptions come from fieldwork led by archaeologists affiliated with the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, the University of Arizona, and the University of New Mexico, and were included in comparative studies alongside material from Chaco Canyon, Hohokam Pima collections, and survey data from the Bureau of Land Management.
Technological studies integrate petrographic analysis from laboratories at Harvard University, compositional work using instruments at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and thin-section microscopy performed by researchers at the Field Museum of Natural History. Clay selection and tempering strategies were investigated in experimental programs associated with the Smithsonian Institution and the National Park Service conservation labs; results show use of local alluvial clays from the Salt River floodplain and mineral tempers similar to artifacts curated by the Peabody Museum. Firing experiments replicated by teams at Arizona State University and University of Arizona reveal oxidizing atmospheres produced hematite-rich slips comparable to collections at the British Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Use-wear studies cross-referenced with collections at Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park and residue analysis undertaken by the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology provide data on function and contents.
Typological frameworks developed by scholars at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, the Peabody Museum, and the Arizona State Museum categorize forms—jars, bowls, and beakers—paralleling typologies used for Ancestral Puebloans and Mogollon ceramics. Decorative motifs include geometric banding, anthropomorphic elements, and zoomorphic figures; comparisons have been drawn with painted traditions in collections at the American Museum of Natural History, the British Museum, and the Royal Ontario Museum. Radiocarbon-dated contexts from sites excavated by teams from the University of New Mexico and the Arizona State University Museum anchor stylistic phases, with influential typologies published in reports through the National Park Service and the Arizona State Museum press.
Chronological models synthesize stratigraphic sequences from excavations at Snaketown, Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, and survey assemblages recorded by the Bureau of Land Management. Absolute dates derived from collaborations with the University of Arizona radiocarbon laboratory and dendrochronological cross-checks discussed in publications of the Society for American Archaeology delineate early, middle, and late Hohokam phases. Regional variation across irrigation zones documented by the Indian Service (Bureau of Indian Affairs) and municipal archaeology reports from Phoenix, Arizona shows distinct local wares in the Gila River (Arizona) basin versus the Salt River (Arizona) system, mirroring settlement hierarchies described in monographs from the Smithsonian Institution.
Contextual analyses integrate cemetery assemblages curated at the Peabody Museum and domestic deposits excavated by teams from the University of Arizona and Arizona State University. Functional inferences derive from wear patterns paralleled in Casa Rinconada and storage features comparable to those reported at Pecos National Historical Park. Ethnohistoric analogies referencing Tohono Oʼodham and Akimel Oʼodham oral histories have been employed by researchers at the Smithsonian Institution to interpret vessel use in ritual, culinary, and exchange contexts. Public archaeology initiatives coordinated with the National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management have incorporated redware studies into site interpretation.
Distributional studies published by the Society for American Archaeology and museum catalogues from the Peabody Museum and Arizona State Museum map redware movement along prehispanic trade corridors linking the Sonoran Desert to peripheral regions such as the Mogollon Rim and Lower Colorado River Valley. Isotopic sourcing undertaken in laboratories at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology complements stylistic evidence supporting exchange between communities associated with sites like Snaketown, Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park, and Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. Social interpretations informed by comparative studies with Chaco Canyon and ethnohistoric records from Tohono Oʼodham scholars suggest roles in status display and ritual networks studied by anthropologists at the University of Pennsylvania.
Conservation protocols reflect standards from the American Institute for Conservation and laboratory practices at the Smithsonian Institution and National Park Service conservation offices. Analytical methods include petrography taught in courses at Harvard University, compositional X-ray fluorescence routines implemented in collaboration with the British Museum, and digital cataloguing systems maintained by the Peabody Museum and Arizona State Museum. Ongoing projects funded by entities such as the National Science Foundation and coordinated through the Society for American Archaeology continue to refine non-destructive techniques and curatorial strategies for redware collections held by museums including the Field Museum of Natural History and the Royal Ontario Museum.
Category:Archaeological pottery Category:Pre-Columbian cultures of North America