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| Hill 60 (Anzac) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hill 60 (Anzac) |
| Location | Gallipoli Peninsula, Çanakkale Province, Turkey |
| Coordinates | 40.141°N 26.403°E |
| Type | Hill |
| Battles | Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Krithia, Battle of Lone Pine |
| Controlled by | Allied Powers, Ottoman Empire |
Hill 60 (Anzac) is a prominent rise on the Gallipoli Peninsula that featured in the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I. Situated near Anzac Cove and the village of Krithia, the feature commanded approaches to the Suvla Bay sector and became the focus of repeated assaults involving forces from Australian Imperial Force, New Zealand Expeditionary Force, British Army, Royal Naval Division, and the Ottoman Empire. Engagements around the position intersected with operations connected to the Battle of Krithia, Battle of Lone Pine, and the broader Dardanelles operations.
Hill 60 occupies part of the crest between Anzac Cove and the plain toward Achi Baba and Sari Bair. The topography linked the heights of Baby 700, Chunuk Bair, and The Nek to lower ridges near Kabatepe and Aegean Sea cliffs. Its geology comprised limestone outcrops and scrub consistent with the Gallipoli escarpment, influencing trench construction used by units such as the 4th Infantry Brigade (Australia), 1st Division (New Zealand), and the 29th Division (United Kingdom). The proximity to Gaba Tepe and the route toward Helles made it strategically important to commanders including General Sir Ian Hamilton, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and subordinate leaders from the Ottoman Fifth Army.
The position’s control affected lines serving the ANZAC force and the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during early operations following the 25 April 1915 landings. Commanders plotted offensives linking Krithia Vineyard and Achi Baba Nullah in attempts to break through Ottoman defenses manned by formations including the 19th Division (Ottoman Empire), 15th Division (Ottoman Empire), and regiments under commanders such as Mustafa Kemal. Hill 60 became integral to diversionary attacks tied to the Helles front and to coordinated efforts with naval bombardments conducted by elements of the Royal Navy and cruisers like HMS Queen Elizabeth and monitors providing fire support. Tactical significance was debated in planning conferences involving figures like Winston Churchill and Lord Kitchener as part of wider Dardanelles strategy.
Operations for Hill 60 encompassed trench raids, frontal assaults, and mining efforts reminiscent of actions at Lone Pine and The Nek. Units engaged included the Australian 2nd Division, New Zealand and Australian Division, Royal Naval Division, 13th (Western) Division (United Kingdom), and Ottoman formations such as the 9th Division (Ottoman Empire). Notable commanders involved in nearby sectors included General William Birdwood, Lieutenant General Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston, and Ottoman leaders like Esat Pasha. Offensive phases tied to the Battle of Krithia and subsequent operations saw artillery coordination with batteries from the Royal Garrison Artillery and field guns transported by the Royal Army Service Corps. Repeated counterattacks and defensive preparations utilized trench systems similar to those at Anzac Ridge, employing sapping and listening posts, while aerial reconnaissance by units like the Royal Flying Corps and Ottoman observers informed local maneuvers. Logistics issues involving supply routes through Anzac Cove and casualty evacuation affected operational tempo, and storms and disease compounded difficulties facing divisions from London Regiment battalions, Australian light horse elements, and Ottoman infantry.
The struggle for Hill 60 produced casualties among infantry, engineers, and artillery crews drawn from the Australian Army Medical Corps, New Zealand Army Medical Corps, Royal Army Medical Corps, and Ottoman medical personnel. Wounded were evacuated via regimental aid posts to dressing stations at Anzac Cove and transferred on hospital ships including vessels belonging to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and hospital ships like HMHS Britannic in the wider theatre. Mortuary and burial practices aligned with ad hoc cemeteries later represented by sites such as the Lone Pine Cemetery and memorials maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and Turkish authorities. Disease outbreaks involving enteric fevers and dysentery taxed stretcher-bearers, ambulance trains, and field ambulances, while stretcher parties operated alongside chaplains and voluntary organizations like the British Red Cross and the St John Ambulance Brigade to manage survivors.
Postwar remembrance of actions around the feature features in the commemorative landscape administered by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Nearby memorials at Anzac Cove, Lone Pine Memorial, and monuments honoring the defenders and attackers—including plaques referencing units such as the 35th Battalion (Australia) and Ottoman units—form part of annual commemorations attended by delegations from Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and Turkey. Museums and interpretive centers like the Gallipoli Peninsula Historical National Park visitor facilities, exhibits curated by the Australian War Memorial, National Army Museum (United Kingdom), and Anzac Memorial (Sydney) preserve artifacts and documents relating to operations in the sector. Hill 60’s legacy appears in scholarship by historians of World War I and in popular remembrances connected to ANZAC Day, studies of amphibious warfare, and analyses of commanders such as Sir Ian Hamilton and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Category:Gallipoli Campaign Category:World War I battlefields