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| Highway Safety Plan | |
|---|---|
| Name | Highway Safety Plan |
Highway Safety Plan is a strategic document that coordinates road safety activities across agencies, jurisdictions, and partners to reduce traffic fatalities, injuries, and crashes. It integrates data-driven analysis, legal frameworks, engineering countermeasures, enforcement tactics, and education campaigns to prioritize investments and measure outcomes. The plan typically aligns with national and regional targets, funding cycles, and reporting requirements to guide agencies, researchers, and stakeholders.
A Highway Safety Plan synthesizes inputs from agencies such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Highway Administration, European Commission, Transport Canada, Australian Transport Safety Bureau, Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, World Health Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Transport Forum, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Asia Development Bank, African Development Bank, Council of Europe, European Road Safety Observatory, US Department of Transportation, State Department of Transportation, Metropolitan Planning Organization, Regional Transportation Authority, County Highway Department, City Department of Transportation, National Safety Council, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, Road Safety Authority (Ireland), Transport Research Laboratory, Institute of Transportation Engineers, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport, Roads and Maritime Services (NSW), VicRoads, Transport for London, New York City Department of Transportation, California Office of Traffic Safety, Texas Department of Transportation, Florida Department of Transportation, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Quebec Ministry of Transport, Deutsche Verkehrswacht, National Transport Authority (Ireland), Korea Transport Institute, China Ministry of Transport, Singapore Land Transport Authority, Swedish Transport Administration, Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Danish Road Directorate, Finnish Transport Agency, Swiss Federal Roads Office, Austroads]. The document commonly references targets such as the Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011–2020), Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety, and national strategies like the U.S. Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Vision Zero (policy), Safe System Approach, and regional initiatives including the European Road Safety Action Programme. Collaboration involves research centers such as Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Loughborough University, Chalmers University of Technology, TNO, and MIT Senseable City Lab.
A Highway Safety Plan must harmonize with statutes, regulations, and standards from bodies like the United States Congress, European Parliament, Council of the European Union, Canadian Parliament, Australian Parliament, Japan National Diet, and national agencies including the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, National Transportation Safety Board, Health and Safety Executive (UK), Civil Aviation Authority (UK), and Environmental Protection Agency (US). It references laws and instruments such as the Highway Safety Act, Road Traffic Act 1988, Motor Vehicle Safety Act (Canada), Road Traffic Safety Act (Japan), Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, Geneva Conventions for transport safety implications, Americans with Disabilities Act for accessibility in road design, European Accessibility Act, and vehicle standards from Society of Automotive Engineers, UNECE WP.29, and ISO standards. Administrative procedures involve compliance with National Environmental Policy Act, Strategic Environmental Assessment, and procurement rules like those used by the European Investment Bank.
Risk assessment within a Highway Safety Plan relies on crash databases, exposure metrics, and modeling from sources such as Fatality Analysis Reporting System, National Automotive Sampling System, Crash Injury Research and Evolution, CrashMap, European Road Safety Observatory (ERSO), Transport for London Road Casualties, Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA), and licensing registries like DMV (United States). Analytical methods draw on research from Freight Analysis Framework, Highway Capacity Manual, AASHTO Highway Safety Manual, TRB (Transportation Research Board), National Cooperative Highway Research Program, RAND Corporation, Brookings Institution, Pew Charitable Trusts, RAND Europe, CE Delft, ITS America, ITS Japan, and academic work at University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. Techniques include geospatial analysis with ESRI, predictive analytics using R (programming language), Python (programming language), STATA, SAS, microsimulation with VISSIM, network analysis with OpenStreetMap datasets, and lifecycle assessment methods from ISO 14040.
Countermeasures in a Highway Safety Plan cite proven interventions such as engineering designs from AASHTO, roundabout adoption documented by FHWA, median barrier installations informed by TRB, roadside hazard mitigation referenced by NRRA, and complete streets policies like those in New York City. Behavioral strategies include enforcement campaigns based on National Integrated Traffic Enforcement Program, impaired driving countermeasures informed by MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving), graduated driver licensing modeled after New Zealand Graduated Driver Licensing, occupant protection programs aligned with NHTSA seatbelt initiatives, and helmet laws similar to World Health Organization recommendations. Emerging technologies include automated driving systems developed by Tesla, Inc., Waymo, Cruise (company), NVIDIA, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure standards from IEEE, 5G Automotive Association, C-ITS platforms, and active safety features promoted by Euro NCAP.
Implementation draws on procurement, project delivery, and grant programs from entities like the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, European Structural and Investment Funds, National Highway Performance Program, Highway Safety Improvement Program, Safe Routes to School, Urban Partnership Agreement, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program, Transport Infrastructure Ireland, Ministry of Transport (UK), National Lottery (UK), Department for Transport (UK), UK Local Authorities, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Federal Transit Administration, Community Development Block Grant, Scandinavian regional funds, Asian Development Bank lending, and philanthropic funding from Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, and Bloomberg Philanthropies. Procurement models include design–build, public–private partnerships exemplified by projects involving Macquarie Group, and performance-based contracts used by Autostrade per l'Italia.
Performance frameworks employ measures such as fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, serious injury rates, exposure-adjusted crash rates, and surrogate measures used in Vision Zero plans. Evaluation methods reference randomized and quasi-experimental designs from What Works Clearinghouse, Campbell Collaboration, Cochrane Collaboration (for public health evidence synthesis), and impact assessment techniques used by OECD. Reporting aligns with international reporting to WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety, national scorecards like NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts, and dashboards developed using tools from Tableau and Power BI. Peer reviews may involve panels convened by TRB, FERN, EuroRAP, and academic audits by University College London.
Stakeholders include elected bodies such as City Council (United States), Provincial Legislature (Canada), Parliament of the United Kingdom, executive agencies like Ministry of Transport (Australia), law enforcement partners including National Police Agency (Japan), Metropolitan Police Service (London), emergency responders like National Health Service (England), Canadian Red Cross, and advocacy organizations including AAA (American Automobile Association), BIKESAFE, Pedestrian Council, Alliance for Biking and Walking, Safe Kids Worldwide, RoadPeace, European Cyclists' Federation, Global NCAP, Consumer Reports, Transport Workers Union, labor organizations, standards bodies such as ISO Technical Committee 22, and private sector stakeholders including Volvo Group, Toyota Motor Corporation, General Motors, Ford Motor Company, Bosch, Continental AG, Siemens Mobility, Cisco Systems, Huawei Technologies, Uber Technologies, Lyft, Inc., and logistics firms like DHL, FedEx, UPS. Public engagement uses tools from participatory planning practiced by Project for Public Spaces, community workshops modeled after Placemaking (urbanism), and digital outreach via platforms like Change.org petitions and structured public consultations required by Public Participation Directive (EU).
Category:Road safety