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| Hermann Göring (politician) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hermann Göring |
| Birth date | 12 January 1893 |
| Birth place | Rosenheim, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire |
| Death date | 15 October 1946 |
| Death place | Nuremberg, Bavaria, Allied-occupied Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Politician, military officer |
| Known for | Leading National Socialist German Workers' Party, Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe, Reichsmarschall |
Hermann Göring (politician) was a leading figure in the National Socialist German Workers' Party and one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates during the Third Reich. He held senior positions including President of the Reichstag, Minister President of Prussia, and Oberbefehlshaber of the Luftwaffe, and was a principal architect of policies linking Reichstag politics, economic planning, and rearmament. Göring's career spanned service in the Imperial German Navy, distinction as a fighter ace in the Luftstreitkräfte, and later central roles in Nazi Germany's political and military institutions.
Göring was born in Rosenheim in the Kingdom of Bavaria and educated in Karlsruhe and at the Royal Bavarian Cadet Corps, joining the Imperial German Navy and later transferring to the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I. He served with units including Jagdstaffel 27 and Jagdstaffel 26, flying aircraft such as the Albatros D.III and Fokker D.VII, and received awards including the Pour le Mérite after notable aerial victories. Post-war, Göring participated in Freikorps actions during the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and was involved in veteran networks that connected to figures like Ernst Röhm and Rudolf Hess.
After meeting Anton Drexler and attending events of the German Workers' Party, Göring joined the National Socialist movement and became an early supporter of Adolf Hitler, participating in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. He became a leading member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party and held positions in the Stabsschutzstaffel and later the Schutzstaffel, using his wartime reputation to attract support among veterans and conservative elites. By the early 1930s Göring consolidated power through roles in the Reichstag and the Prussian State Council, aligning with figures such as Franz von Papen and Kurt von Schleicher to facilitate Hitler's appointment as Chancellor in 1933.
Göring was appointed Minister President of Prussia and President of the Reichstag, and he was charged with implementing the Four Year Plan to prepare Germany for war, working alongside officials like Hjalmar Schacht (until Schacht's dismissal) and Albert Speer (in later economic mobilization). He administered institutions including the Reich Aviation Ministry and the Prussian State Police, and directed measures under the Enabling Act of 1933 that centralized authority and suppressed opponents such as the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Communist Party of Germany. Göring also oversaw resource allocation involving companies like IG Farben and industrialists connected to Friedrich Flick and Krupp.
As Reich Minister of Aviation and later Reichsmarschall, Göring established and expanded the Luftwaffe in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, recruiting officers from the Reichswehr and collaborating with aviators such as Erhard Milch. He directed air strategy during campaigns including the Spanish Civil War (through the Condor Legion), the Invasion of Poland (1939), the Battle of France, and the Battle of Britain, while interacting with commanders like Hugo Sperrle, Albert Kesselring, and Erwin Rommel over joint operations. Göring's authority over air procurement, logistics, and fighter tactics influenced engagements with opposing forces such as the Royal Air Force and shaped Luftwaffe performance on multiple fronts.
Göring played an instrumental role in Nazi persecution and genocidal policy formation, issuing directives that connected to the Reichstag Fire Decree aftermath, the Nuremberg Laws, and economic expropriation measures targeting Jews in Germany. He commissioned plans for the "Final Solution" by instructing officials like Reinhard Heydrich to prepare measures that became part of the Holocaust machinery, and he oversaw seizure of property and artworks via organizations including the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg and the Reich Ministry of Aviation's asset programs. Göring's involvement intersected with entities such as the Schutzstaffel and the Gestapo, and he benefited personally from looted cultural objects and industrial exploitation across occupied territories.
After the collapse of Nazi Germany, Göring was captured by Allied forces, detained by the United States Army and held in Nuremberg for the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, where he faced charges alongside defendants including Adolf Hitler (posthumously tried in absentia), Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and Albert Speer. Convicted of crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, Göring was sentenced to death but committed suicide by cyanide ingestion shortly before his scheduled execution, dying in his cell at the Nuremberg Central Prison on 15 October 1946.
Category:1893 births Category:1946 deaths Category:Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany Category:Luftwaffe personnel