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| Hawaiʻi Archaeological Inventory | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hawaiʻi Archaeological Inventory |
| Location | Hawaiʻi |
Hawaiʻi Archaeological Inventory
The Hawaiʻi Archaeological Inventory is a statewide program documenting archaeological sites, cultural landscapes, and historic resources across the Hawaiian Islands. It supports planners, developers, scholars, and cultural practitioners by integrating site records, survey reports, and compliance guidance to inform activities affecting Kānaka Maoli, Bishop Museum, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, State Historic Preservation Division (Hawaiʻi), and Hawaiʻi County. The inventory operates at the intersection of federal and state mandates, regional planning, and indigenous stewardship involving entities such as National Park Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Defense (United States), and Hawaiʻi State Legislature.
The inventory catalogs sites ranging from pre-contact heiau and habitation complexes to historic sugar plantations and military installations, aiding agencies like Federal Highway Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, National Register of Historic Places, National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, and Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in decision-making. It serves resource managers at City and County of Honolulu, Maui County, Kauaʻi County, and County of Hawaiʻi while supporting scholarship affiliated with Smithsonian Institution, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, and international partners such as University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, and Australian National University.
Legal foundations include the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes, coordination with Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and permits administered by the State Historic Preservation Division (Hawaiʻi). Compliance obligations involve consultation with Office of Hawaiian Affairs, tribal-like entities such as Native Hawaiian Organizations, and federal agencies including Department of the Interior (United States), National Marine Fisheries Service, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Major projects often require review under acts such as Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and interaction with administrative bodies like Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Field methods combine systematic pedestrian survey, shovel testing, remote sensing, and trenching consistent with protocols used by Society for American Archaeology, Register of Professional Archaeologists, and university programs at University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo and Hawaiʻi Pacific University. Geophysical techniques include ground-penetrating radar employed on projects with oversight from National Park Service specialists, aerial LiDAR analyses coordinated with NASA, and GIS modeling using data standards from U.S. Geological Survey and NOAA. Consultants often adhere to analytical frameworks comparable to studies at Smithsonian Institution and laboratory conservation standards from American Institute for Conservation.
Recorded resources include religious structures like heiau associated with chiefs recorded in genealogies connected to figures such as Kamehameha I, agricultural ahupuaʻa infrastructure comparable to sites studied by Bishop Museum curators, traditional fishponds similar to those at Moliʻiliʻili and Huliʻia, and industrial archaeology represented by plantation complexes tied to companies such as Alexander & Baldwin. Military-era sites range from coastal fortifications linked to Diamond Head State Monument history to aviation facilities associated with Pearl Harbor narratives. Historic ranching and missionary-period settlements appear alongside underwater cultural resources investigated using protocols from NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries.
Significant discoveries documented in the inventory include complex coastal habitation sites with lithic tool assemblages comparable to collections at Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, temple complexes reminiscent of accounts tied to Kamehameha III, loʻi kalo terraces paralleling ethnobotanical work of Hawaiʻi Natural History Museum, and pre-contact burials requiring repatriation considerations similar to cases at Bishop Museum. Island-specific highlights intersect with places such as Waikīkī, Nā Pali Coast State Wilderness Park, Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, Haleakalā National Park, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, and Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, informing management by entities including National Park Service and Hawaiʻi State Parks.
Management strategies rely on data-sharing between the State Historic Preservation Division (Hawaiʻi), National Park Service, county planning departments, and private developers like those associated with Hawaiian Electric Industries infrastructure projects. Preservation approaches invoke treatment standards promulgated by Secretary of the Interior, mitigation measures under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and conservation techniques aligned with ICOMOS charters. Legal outcomes often involve coordination with Office of Hawaiian Affairs and litigation or settlement processes that have been adjudicated in forums including Hawaiʻi State Judiciary and occasionally federal courts.
The inventory emphasizes consultation with cultural practitioners, recognized lineages, and organizations such as Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Kamehameha Schools, Native Hawaiian Organizations, and community groups active in places like Haleʻiwa and Hāna. Projects integrate oral histories preserved through partnerships with repositories like Bishop Museum and university archives at University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, and engage NGOs such as The Nature Conservancy and Hawaiʻi Community Foundation. Traditional ecological knowledge shared by kūpuna often informs site interpretations used in conservation planning with agencies including National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Category:Archaeology of Hawaii