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| Guapiara Formation | |
|---|---|
| Name | Guapiara Formation |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Period | Miocene |
| Age | Miocene |
| Primary lithology | Sandstone, conglomerate |
| Other lithology | Mudstone, siltstone |
| Region | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
| Unit of | Itararé Group |
| Underlies | Adamantina Formation |
| Overlies | Serra Geral Formation |
| Named for | Guapiara |
Guapiara Formation The Guapiara Formation is a Miocene-age stratigraphic unit located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, associated with the Paraná Basin and correlated with South American Neogene sequences. It forms part of regional successions studied in connection with the Paraná Basin, Itararé Group, Bauru Group, and broader South American Plate Neogene geology, and has been examined by institutions such as the Brazilian Geological Survey and university departments at the University of São Paulo and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
The Guapiara Formation crops out within the Paraná Basin and is recognized in mapping by the Brazilian Geological Survey and regional geological services; it is comparable to units documented by the Geological Survey of Brazil and regional studies linked to the Santos Basin margin. Fieldwork by researchers affiliated with the University of São Paulo, State University of Campinas, and the National Museum of Brazil has detailed its extent across municipalities including Guapiara, Avaré, and Itapetininga.
Lithologically, the Guapiara Formation comprises fluvial and deltaic sandstones, conglomerates, mudstones, and siltstones, with cementation and grain-size variation documented in petrographic studies by teams from the University of São Paulo and the Federal University of ABC. Sedimentological analyses reference comparable lithofacies described in the Adamantina Formation, Marília Formation, and other Bauru Group units; petrographic thin-section work has been published in collaboration with the Brazilian Society of Geology and presented at meetings of the International Association of Sedimentologists.
Stratigraphically the Guapiara Formation lies above the volcanic-derived units of the Serra Geral Formation and is overlain in parts by units correlated to the Adamantina Formation within the Bauru Group framework. Age constraints derive from biostratigraphic correlation with Neogene vertebrate assemblages and regional magnetostratigraphy studies by researchers at the University of São Paulo and the National Observatory (Brazil), aligning the unit with the Miocene epoch recognized in the Geologic time scale and regional chronostratigraphic schemes used by the Brazilian Geological Survey.
Paleontological work in the Guapiara Formation has recovered vertebrate remains comparable to faunas from the Bauru Group, with field teams from the National Museum of Brazil, the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and the Museum of Paleontology of Ubirajara reporting isolated mammals, crocodyliforms, and turtle fragments analogous to taxa described from the Marília Formation and Adamantina Formation. Fossil finds have been discussed in collaboration with international researchers from institutions such as the Smithsonian Institution, the Natural History Museum, London, and the American Museum of Natural History in symposia hosted by the Brazilian Society of Paleontology.
Sedimentological and paleocurrent data indicate fluvial systems draining the elevated terrains linked to remnants of the Mantiqueira Mountains and sediment supply influenced by uplift events on the South American Plate margin. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions draw on comparisons with deltaic and braided-river systems documented in the Bauru Basin research literature, with contributions from researchers at the University of São Paulo, the State University of Maringá, and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
The Guapiara Formation has been evaluated for groundwater resources by regional water agencies such as the São Paulo Water Company and assessed for aggregate potential in infrastructure projects managed by the São Paulo State Secretariat for Infrastructure. Its sandstone and conglomerate facies have local importance for construction aggregates and have been included in regional mineral resource planning by the Brazilian Geological Survey and studies funded by the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).
Mapping and formal description of the Guapiara Formation have involved collaborations among the Brazilian Geological Survey, the University of São Paulo, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and state geological services. Key contributions appeared in geological maps and reports produced through cooperative programs with the United Nations Development Programme-supported projects, presentations at the International Geological Congress, and publications in journals affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Geology and the Brazilian Society of Paleontology.
Category:Geologic formations of Brazil Category:Miocene formations Category:Paraná Basin