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| Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature | |
|---|---|
| Name | Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature |
| Abbreviation | GHRSST |
| Formation | 2000 |
| Type | International scientific collaboration |
| Headquarters | Distributed |
Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature
The Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature is an international scientific collaboration that coordinates generation, dissemination, and application of high-resolution sea surface temperature datasets. Founded by researchers from institutions such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Met Office, NASA, and European Space Agency, it supports operational services, climate research, and marine forecasting through standardized products and protocols. GHRSST links satellite missions, in situ networks, and numerical modelling centers to deliver interoperable datasets used by agencies including World Meteorological Organization, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and regional forecasting centers.
GHRSST provides specifications, data formats, and quality-control procedures to harmonize sea surface temperature (SST) observations from assets such as Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, Sentinel-3, and Jason-3. The initiative connects operational services like Copernicus Programme, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and Japan Meteorological Agency with research groups at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, University of Miami, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory. By defining metadata standards and data-assembly centers, GHRSST supports interoperability with datasets produced by NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Argo program, Global Drifter Program, and International Research Institute for Climate and Society.
GHRSST emerged from meetings convened by stakeholders including Goddard Space Flight Center, European Commission, and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research to respond to demands from users such as Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, and Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). Early development involved prototype systems developed at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Met Office Hadley Centre, and the UK National Centre for Earth Observation. Over successive phases, GHRSST adopted standards influenced by projects like Global Ocean Observing System and integrated contributions from missions such as Aqua (satellite), Terra (satellite), and Envisat. Key workshops at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and meetings hosted by International Oceanographic Commission shaped the governance and technical roadmap.
The mission emphasizes provision of accurate, timely SST fields for stakeholders including United Nations Environment Programme, International Maritime Organization, and coastal managers in cities like Miami, Sydney, Vancouver, Cape Town, and Tokyo. Objectives include standardizing SST calibration and validation procedures with laboratories such as National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom), promoting best practices from groups like Group on Earth Observations, and ensuring traceability to reference measurements from National Institute of Standards and Technology. GHRSST aims to enable applications in areas served by entities including Food and Agriculture Organization, World Bank, and national research councils.
GHRSST defines data products such as Level 2 and Level 4 SST analyses produced by Data Assembly Centers at institutions like Ifremer, Met Office, NOAA/NCEI, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and CSIRO. Methodologies integrate satellite radiometry from sensors like AVHRR and VIIRS with in situ observations from Argo floats, moored buoys, and research vessels operated by organizations including Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Quality-control protocols draw on calibration standards from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and validation campaigns coordinated with Scripps Institution of Oceanography and national met services. GHRSST products adhere to metadata conventions used by Committee on Earth Observation Satellites and distribution formats compatible with Open Geospatial Consortium standards.
GHRSST maintains partnerships with space agencies such as NASA, European Space Agency, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and Indian Space Research Organisation, and with operational centers including Naval Research Laboratory and US Navy. It collaborates with regional bodies like Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Pacific Islands Forum, and research networks including Global Ocean Data Analysis Project and International CLIVAR Project Office. Cooperative projects have involved academic partners at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, University of Tokyo, and University of Cape Town.
GHRSST datasets are used in applications by NOAA Coral Reef Watch, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, National Hurricane Center, Joint Typhoon Warning Center, and fisheries management agencies in Norway, Iceland, Chile, and Peru. Scientific studies in journals associated with American Geophysical Union, Nature Publishing Group, and Science (journal) have used GHRSST products to study phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Gulf Stream, Kuroshio Current, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and marine heatwaves affecting ecosystems monitored by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Australian Antarctic Division. Operational benefits include improved input to ocean models run at European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and enhanced situational awareness for agencies like Coast Guard (United States Coast Guard) and port authorities in Rotterdam and Los Angeles.
Governance involves international steering groups with representatives from agencies such as NOAA, ESA, JAXA, UK Research and Innovation, and academic institutions like Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Funding and in-kind support have come from national programs including NASA Earth Science Division, European Commission Horizon 2020, Australian Research Council, and philanthropic entities such as Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Operational hosting, data centers, and infrastructure rely on contributions from national data archives such as NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information and research infrastructures like EMSO (European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory).
Category:Oceanography Category:Remote sensing organizations