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| Government of Minas Gerais | |
|---|---|
| Name | Minas Gerais |
| Native name | Governo de Minas Gerais |
| Capital | Belo Horizonte |
| Governor | Romeu Zema |
| Established | 1720 |
| Population | 21,411,923 |
| Area km2 | 586528 |
| Website | Governo de Minas Gerais |
Government of Minas Gerais The administration of Minas Gerais operates within the federative system of the Federative Republic of Brazil, administering public affairs across a territory anchored by Belo Horizonte, with links to federal institutions such as the Supreme Federal Court (Brazil), the Federal Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil). The state's institutional development reflects legacies from colonial administrations like the Captaincy of Minas Gerais, republican transitions exemplified by the Old Republic (Brazil), and political reforms associated with the 1988 Constitution of Brazil and successive state constitutions. Executive, legislative, and judicial bodies coordinate with federal ministries including the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil), the Ministry of Economy (Brazil), and sectoral agencies such as the National Council of Justice.
The political structures in Minas Gerais derive from colonial-era institutions tied to the Portuguese Empire and the Captaincy system (Brazil), evolving through events like the Inconfidência Mineira and the Independence of Brazil. During the Empire of Brazil and the First Brazilian Republic, elites connected to coffee and mining influenced provincial assemblies and the Constituent Assembly (1891). The state navigated political crises during the Vargas Era and the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), participating in democratization processes culminating in the Diretas Já movement and the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution of Brazil. Recent political developments involved electoral contests among parties like the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, the Brazilian Democratic Movement, and the Progressistas, with governors facing fiscal adjustments tied to federal measures such as the Fiscal Responsibility Law (Brazil).
Minas Gerais functions under the Constitution of the State of Minas Gerais adopted pursuant to the 1988 Constitution of Brazil, incorporating norms from the Federal Constitution of 1988 and jurisprudence from the Superior Court of Justice. State lawmaking must respect constitutional principles adjudicated by the Supreme Federal Court (Brazil) and comply with federal statutes including the Organic Law of Municipalities and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent. Administrative acts are subject to oversight by entities such as the Court of Accounts of the State of Minas Gerais and interactions with regulatory bodies like the National Health Surveillance Agency and the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels when state policy intersects with federal competencies.
The executive power is vested in the Governor, elected under rules prescribed by the Electoral Code of Brazil and supervising secretariats modeled on ministries such as the Ministry of Health (Brazil) and the Ministry of Education (Brazil)]. The governor appoints secretaries to lead bodies including the State Department of Finance of Minas Gerais, the State Department of Health of Minas Gerais, and the State Department of Education of Minas Gerais, and interfaces with federal counterparts like the Ministry of Economy (Brazil) and the Ministry of Health (Brazil). The executive administers programs linked to national initiatives such as the Bolsa Família program and regulatory compliance with agencies including the National Health Surveillance Agency.
Legislative authority is exercised by the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais, whose deputies are elected under the Brazilian electoral system and who form parliamentary blocs aligned with parties including the Workers' Party (Brazil), the Social Christian Party (Brazil), and the Liberal Party (Brazil). The Assembly enacts state laws in areas permitted by the Constitution of the State of Minas Gerais and debates budgets derived from the Annual Budget Law (Brazil) framework, while legislative oversight involves cooperation with the Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil) and scrutiny by the Court of Accounts of the State of Minas Gerais.
Judicial functions in the state are conducted by the Court of Justice of Minas Gerais, applying codes such as the Brazilian Civil Code and the Brazilian Criminal Code, with appeals reaching the Superior Court of Justice and the Supreme Federal Court (Brazil). The Public Prosecutor's Office (Minas Gerais) exercises criminal and civil functions alongside public security institutions like the Military Police (Brazil) and the Civil Police (Brazil), coordinating with federal police organs including the Federal Police (Brazil) when matters implicate interstate or federal crimes. Correctional and forensic responsibilities link to agencies such as the National Council of Justice and policies informed by rulings from the Superior Electoral Court in cases involving electoral offences.
Administratively, Minas Gerais is divided into mesoregions and microregions historically defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and, more recently, into immediate and intermediate geographic regions for statistical purposes, affording governance across over 850 municipalities including Uberlândia, Contagem, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros, and Ipatinga. Municipal governments operate under the Organic Law of Municipalities and coordinate with state secretariats on health systems integrated with the Unified Health System (Brazil) and education networks linked to the National Education Plan (Brazil)]. Intergovernmental consortia and metropolitan arrangements reflect precedents set by the Constitution of 1988 and administrative reforms influenced by the National Bank for Economic and Social Development.
State policymaking mobilizes fiscal instruments within frameworks like the Fiscal Responsibility Law (Brazil) and adheres to accounting standards from the Federal Accounting Council (Brazil), crafting multiannual plans in line with the Pluriannual Plan (Brazil) and annual budgetary laws. Public spending priorities encompass infrastructure projects tied to the National Department of Transport Infrastructure and social programs coordinated with federal initiatives such as the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, while oversight and audits are conducted by the Court of Accounts of the State of Minas Gerais and administrative inquiries can reach the Federal Public Ministry (Brazil).
Category:Politics of Minas Gerais