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| Geim and Novoselov | |
|---|---|
| Name | Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov |
| Fields | Condensed matter physics, Materials science |
| Workplaces | University of Manchester, Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Microelectronics Technology, University of Nijmegen |
| Alma mater | Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institute for Solid State Physics (Russia) |
| Known for | Graphene |
Geim and Novoselov Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov are physicists noted for isolating and characterizing Graphene, a two-dimensional allotrope of Carbon. Their work at the University of Manchester and collaborations with institutions such as Radboud University Nijmegen and the Institute for Microelectronics Technology led to transformative advances in Condensed matter physics and Materials science, culminating in the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Andre Geim was born in Sochi, Russia and trained at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, later affiliating with the Institute for Solid State Physics (Russia), while Konstantin Novoselov was born in Nizhny Tagil and educated at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and research centers including the Institute for Microelectronics Technology. Both pursued postdoctoral and faculty roles that connected them to European institutions such as University of Manchester and Radboud University Nijmegen. Their formative years intersected with influential figures and institutions including Nobel laureate, Ilya Lifshitz-era Russian physics networks and Western laboratories associated with National Graphene Institute-linked programs.
Their partnership at the University of Manchester produced the 2004 experimental isolation of Graphene, building on theoretical work by Philip Russell Wallace, Walter Gordon Brown-era tight-binding models and earlier studies at laboratories including Bell Labs and the IBM Research Center. The discovery connected to concepts from Dirac fermion theory, Quantum Hall effect experiments pioneered by Klaus von Klitzing and the theoretical predictions of Simon B. Lieb and others. The work was disseminated through journals in which peers from Cambridge University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Columbia University, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, École Normale Supérieure, ETH Zurich, University of California, Berkeley, California Institute of Technology, University of Tokyo, and Chinese Academy of Sciences were active contributors and reviewers.
Their approach used surprisingly simple tools—mechanical exfoliation often called the "Scotch tape" technique—building on materials handling practices from Bell Labs and microfabrication approaches from Sandia National Laboratories and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Characterization employed Raman spectroscopy methods refined in labs at Imperial College London, magnetotransport measurements related to Quantum Hall effect setups developed by groups including University of Geneva and scanning probe microscopy techniques from IBM Research. Fabrication and analysis drew on microfabrication facilities at University of Manchester and collaborations with National Graphene Institute-linked centers and spin-off partnerships involving Royal Society-backed programs.
Their work catalyzed rapid growth across Nanotechnology, Electronics, Optoelectronics, Energy storage, and Composite materials research communities at institutions like Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Sony, Intel, NXP Semiconductors, Toyota, Daimler, Siemens, BASF, Boeing, NASA, European Space Agency, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and academic groups at University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Princeton University, Yale University, University of Manchester, Tsinghua University, Peking University, National University of Singapore, and University of Melbourne. Applications explored include high-mobility transistors inspired by Field-effect transistor concepts developed at Bell Labs, transparent conducting electrodes in devices by Samsung and Sony, supercapacitors and battery electrodes investigated by MIT and ETH Zurich groups, and composite reinforcements adopted by Boeing and Airbus research teams.
Their recognition culminated in the Nobel Prize in Physics; they also received accolades such as the Kavli Prize, Europhysics Prize, Royal Society Fellowship, and various honors from institutions including Royal Society of London, European Research Council, Royal Society of Chemistry, Institute of Physics (IOP), and national academies like the Royal Society and the Russian Academy of Sciences. University-level distinctions included chairs and fellowships at University of Manchester and awards from funding agencies such as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and European Commission programs.
Critics raised issues related to reproducibility and scalability when translating exfoliation techniques to industrial processes, drawing scrutiny from stakeholders at European Commission-funded initiatives and industrial partners like Samsung and Intel. Debates occurred in forums attended by representatives from IEEE, American Physical Society, Royal Society, and patent offices including the European Patent Office over intellectual property, patent filing strategies, and standardization. Occasional disputes involved publication priority and media narratives circulated by outlets linked to institutions such as Nature (journal), Science (journal), Physical Review Letters, and major university press offices.
Geim and Novoselov's work altered trajectories at universities and laboratories worldwide, influencing curricula at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, University of Manchester, University of Cambridge, ETH Zurich, MIT, Stanford University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Tsinghua University, and research strategies at agencies including the European Commission, National Science Foundation (United States), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and national laboratories like Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Their legacy persists in the expansion of dedicated centers such as the National Graphene Institute and industry consortia in South Korea, Japan, China, Germany, United Kingdom, and United States, and continues to shape ongoing research in two-dimensional materials, heterostructures, and quantum materials investigated at institutions like Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Institute of Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences), and National Institute for Materials Science (Japan).
Category:Graphene Category:University of Manchester faculty