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| GLODAP | |
|---|---|
| Name | GLODAP |
| Established | 2000s |
| Type | Oceanographic data synthesis |
| Scope | Global ocean carbon and biogeochemistry |
| Operators | International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project |
GLODAP
GLODAP is a global synthesis dataset for ocean carbon and biogeochemical observations that provides gridded products and objective analyses for use by researchers, agencies, and projects. It combines measurements from cruises, programs, and institutions such as National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, and National Center for Atmospheric Research, enabling studies that connect Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, Global Ocean Observing System, Argo (oceanography), and International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme syntheses.
The development began as part of efforts by the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project and built on earlier compilations from projects like WOCE and JGOFS. Key milestones involved collaborations with agencies including National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NASA, European Commission, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and research centers such as Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Major releases coordinated community input from principal investigators associated with NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, British Antarctic Survey, Alfred Wegener Institute, and university groups including University of Southampton, University of Washington, and University of California, San Diego. The project evolved alongside programs like Global Ocean Data Analysis Project and integrated recommendations from workshops at institutions such as Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory.
The database compiles measured variables including dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, nutrients, oxygen, chlorofluorocarbons, radiocarbon, and ancillary metadata from stations, bottle samples, and underway systems. Observations originate from campaigns run by NOAA, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, GEOMAR, Ifremer, and regional programs like CLIVAR and SOCCOM. Variables are linked to sampling events tied to vessels such as RRS James Cook, RV Investigator, RV Polarstern, RV Knorr, RV Roger Revelle, and RV Pelagia, and to time-series stations like Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study, HOT (Hawaii Ocean Time-series), and Station Papa.
Quality control procedures integrate metadata standards from International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange, calibration protocols referenced by Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and community best practices developed with groups like PANGAEA and World Data Center. Methods include cross-calibration with reference materials produced by Scripps Institution of Oceanography and laboratory intercomparisons involving National Institute of Standards and Technology and regional reference laboratories. Objective mapping uses statistical methods related to techniques employed in WOCE and CLIVAR syntheses, while uncertainty analysis connects to approaches used in IPCC assessment reports. The project engaged scientists from University of Cambridge, ETH Zurich, University of Bergen, and University of Tokyo for methodological reviews.
GLODAP released multiple versions, each increasing spatial and temporal coverage with expanded variables and improved correction algorithms; versions were documented in community publications involving authors from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, and NOAA. Product types include collated station-level datasets, gridded climatologies, and objective analyses used by projects such as CMIP model validation and regional assessments by European Space Agency. Releases typically provided machine-readable archives compatible with repositories like PANGAEA and were cited in studies originating from institutions including Princeton University, MIT, and University of Oxford.
Researchers applied the dataset to quantify ocean carbon uptake in studies linked to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change carbon budget assessments, to validate biogeochemical modules in CMIP6 models, and to explore processes described in studies from French National Centre for Scientific Research, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, and University of California, Santa Cruz. Applications include analyses of carbon sequestration tied to circulation features studied in Southern Ocean research, investigations alongside observations from Argo (oceanography), integration with satellite missions such as Jason (satellite), and use in regional projects like GO-SHIP and SOCCOM. The data underpins publications by researchers affiliated with Yale University, University of British Columbia, University of Miami, and University of Bergen.
Data distribution follows community norms for open oceanographic data and is accessible via archives coordinated with institutions such as PANGAEA, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, and university repositories including Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory. Users from agencies like National Science Foundation, European Commission, and NASA and research groups at University of California, San Diego and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution access datasets for modeling and synthesis. Licensing and citation practices align with standards promoted by World Data System and International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange.