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| GHRSST | |
|---|---|
| Name | Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature |
| Abbreviation | GHRSST |
| Formation | 2002 |
| Headquarters | International |
| Region served | Global |
GHRSST The Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature is an international collaboration that coordinates the production, distribution, and validation of global high-resolution sea surface temperature datasets used across climate, oceanography, fisheries, and weather forecasting communities. It brings together operational agencies, research institutions, satellite missions, and scientific programs to harmonize standards, metadata, and quality control for surface temperature from platforms including satellites, ships, buoys, and drifters. The initiative supports interoperable data products that feed into models and services operated by organizations such as NOAA, ECMWF, and NASA.
GHRSST provides standardized, high-resolution oceanography datasets intended for near-real-time and retrospective analysis, integrating observations from satellite missions like MODIS, AVHRR, VIIRS, Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B and Aqua (satellite). It defines data product levels and formats compatible with distribution systems including Copernicus Programme, EUMETSAT, PO.DAAC, and NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. GHRSST's products are used by initiatives such as the Global Ocean Observing System, the Group on Earth Observations and programs including Argo (oceanography), Global Drifter Program, and operational centers like UK Met Office and JMA.
GHRSST originated from needs articulated by international forums including the World Meteorological Organization and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments, evolving through community meetings hosted by agencies such as NASA and NOAA. Early development involved collaborations with research projects including CLIVAR, GO-SHIP, and programs run by institutions like Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Over time the group incorporated standards from organizations such as ISO and interoperability practices from Open Geospatial Consortium, while engaging with space agencies including ESA, JAXA, ISRO, and CNES.
GHRSST prescribes a hierarchy of products (L2, L3, L4) conforming to community conventions used by centers such as ROOS, Met Office Hadley Centre, and NOAA NCEP. Products employ formats including netCDF with CF (file format) conventions and metadata schemas aligned with ISO 19115 and Dublin Core practices used by repositories like PANGAEA and Earthdata. Specialized products—such as regional high-resolution analyses and blended global maps—are produced for applications in agencies including NOAA CoastWatch and Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
Data ingestion integrates satellite radiances from sensors on platforms such as Suomi NPP, Terra (satellite), Aqua (satellite), and MetOp series, in situ measurements from networks like TAO/TRITON, PIRATA, and the Argo (oceanography) array, and ship reports coordinated via WMO. Processing chains leverage retrieval algorithms developed at centers such as Remote Sensing Systems, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and academic groups at University of Miami, University of Maryland, and University of Southampton. Distributed processing and dissemination utilize infrastructures including THREDDS Data Server, OPeNDAP, and computing resources at NCAR and national data centers.
GHRSST implements interoperable quality-control procedures and validation protocols drawing on methods from IOCCG, CLIVAR, and WMO guidelines. Validation uses matchups between satellite-derived temperatures and trustable in situ references like ARGO floats, TAO/TRITON, SOOP observations, and ship-based radiometers maintained by institutions such as NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. Community-led intercomparisons involve research groups at Met Office Hadley Centre, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and universities such as Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory.
GHRSST products underpin operational forecasting by centers including NOAA National Weather Service, ECMWF, UK Met Office, and JMA, and enable research conducted by teams at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and University of Tokyo. Applications span climate monitoring referenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, fisheries management used by agencies such as FAO, marine safety supported by IMO, and ecosystem studies involving programs like Global Ocean Observing System and Global Drifter Program. High-resolution SST maps have informed events and responses for phenomena including El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Hurricane Katrina, and marine heatwave studies that affected regions administered by authorities like NOAA Fisheries and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
GHRSST is coordinated through working groups, task teams, and data assembly centers comprised of members from agencies and institutions such as NASA, NOAA, ESA, EUMETSAT, JAXA, UK Met Office, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Governance interfaces with programs and bodies including the Group on Earth Observations, Global Ocean Observing System, and national data centers such as NOAA NCEI and Copernicus Marine Service. Community engagement occurs at conferences and workshops like AGU Fall Meeting, OceanObs, EUMETSAT Science Conference, and meetings hosted by universities including University of Southampton and University of Miami.
Category:Oceanography Category:Earth observation organizations