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| Framework Programme 1 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Framework Programme 1 |
| Start | 1984 |
| End | 1987 |
| Region | European Community |
| Budget | ECU 3.75 billion |
| Successor | Framework Programme 2 |
Framework Programme 1
Framework Programme 1 was the European Community's first multiannual research and technological development initiative launched in 1984 to coordinate scientific activities across member states. It sought to strengthen links among European Commission, European Parliament, Council of the European Communities, Commission of the European Communities and national research agencies such as CNRS and Max Planck Society while aligning priorities with institutions like OECD, UNESCO, European Space Agency, NATO Science Programme, and European Investment Bank. The programme operated amid political contexts shaped by leaders such as François Mitterrand, Helmut Kohl, Margaret Thatcher, Giorgio Napolitano, and events including the Single European Act, the Green Paper on Innovation, and the 1984 European Parliament election.
The initiative emerged from policy debates involving Jacques Delors, Roy Jenkins, Étienne Davignon, Giovanni Agnelli, and advisers linked to the Delors Commission and the European Economic Community; aims referenced precedents like the Treaty of Rome and discussions at the European Council meetings in Dublin and Brussels. Objectives emphasized enhancing competitiveness relative to counterparts such as United States Department of Energy, Japan Science and Technology Agency, National Science Foundation, and firms like IBM, Siemens, and Philips by promoting collaboration among centres including Fraunhofer Society, CERN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Imperial College London and ETH Zurich. Policy targets included stimulating industrial research in sectors dominated by conglomerates such as Renault, Renault, Fiat, ArcelorMittal, and encouraging technological diffusion similar to programmes in United States, Japan, and Canada.
Administration combined directorates within the European Commission and advisory bodies such as the Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CREST) and panels referencing experts from Royal Society, Académie des sciences, Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat, and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Financial instruments blended direct grants, procurement contracts, and joint research actions modelled on mechanisms used by EUREKA, Cost Action, and Joint Research Centre frameworks; beneficiaries included universities like University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Sorbonne University, University of Bologna, and corporate research labs at Alcatel-Lucent, Thomson-CSF, Siemens AG. Budgetary allocations reflected negotiations among finance ministries represented by figures such as Manuel Marín and Jean-Claude Juncker and were overseen alongside the European Court of Auditors and budget committees of the European Parliament.
Priority themes covered information technologies influenced by work at Bell Labs, microelectronics projects connecting STMicroelectronics, biotechnology initiatives linking Institut Pasteur and Karolinska Institute, materials research tied to Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research and energy projects in dialogue with European Coal and Steel Community legacies. Notable projects coordinated consortia including universities and firms such as Philips Research, Nokia, Siemens AG, Thomson-CSF, Groupe Bull, Daimler-Benz and research centres like CERN and Jülich Research Centre; these sought outcomes comparable to later programmes like Framework Programme 6 and endeavors supported by Horizon 2020. Cross-border projects referenced methodologies used in Human Genome Project, Copernicus Programme, and infrastructures like ESFRI.
Participants comprised member states of the European Communities including France, West Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, and Denmark as well as associated states in contact with Norway, Switzerland, and candidate discussions involving Spain and Portugal. Institutional participants ranged from national academies such as Academy of Sciences of the USSR in collaborative dialogues, to metropolitan universities such as University of Paris, Heidelberg University, University of Madrid, to industrial consortia led by Siemens AG, Alcatel-Lucent, Philips Electronics, Ericsson, and standards bodies like CENELEC and ETSI.
Execution relied on calls for proposals evaluated by panels drawing experts from European Research Council antecedents, national research councils including CNRS, CSIC, Forschungsgemeinschaft and project monitoring by Commission services in coordination with regional authorities such as Commission of the European Communities Regional Policy offices in Brussels and Luxembourg. Contractual models involved consortium agreements similar to those later standardized by FP6 and oversight incorporated audit standards of the European Court of Auditors, performance reporting to the European Parliament and peer review methods influenced by practices at Nature Publishing Group and Science (journal) editorial standards.
Evaluations by panels with representation from OECD, European Investment Bank, World Bank, and national ministries assessed effects on industrial competitiveness, researcher mobility between institutions like Max Planck Society and CSIC, and technology transfer to firms such as Philips and Siemens AG. Impact metrics considered citation networks linking outputs to journals like Nature, Science, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and benchmarks compared to national R&D outcomes in United States, Japan, and Canada. Critiques invoked by commentators from The Economist, Financial Times, Le Monde, and parliamentary reports highlighted administrative complexity and informed reforms introduced in successor arrangements.
Framework Programme 1 established procedural precedents adopted by Framework Programme 2, Framework Programme 3, Framework Programme 4, and later consolidated into Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe, influencing instruments used by European Research Council, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, Cohesion Fund and regional initiatives like INTERREG. Its models shaped collaboration norms among institutions such as CERN, Fraunhofer Society, CSIC, CNRS, and informed policy dialogues led by figures including José Manuel Barroso, Romano Prodi, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, and Angela Merkel during subsequent expansions and treaty reforms like the Maastricht Treaty and Lisbon Treaty.
Category:European research programmes