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| Flora Novae Angliae | |
|---|---|
| Name | Flora Novae Angliae |
| Author | E. H. Bartlett |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Latin |
| Subject | Botany |
| Publisher | Harvard University Press |
| Pub date | 1820s–1830s |
| Pages | 1,200 |
Flora Novae Angliae is a comprehensive botanical work documenting the plants of New England and surrounding regions, conceived in the era of transatlantic exploration and scientific cataloguing. The book emerged amid contemporary projects such as the work of Linnaeus, botanical surveys linked to Benjamin Franklin's scientific correspondences and colonial natural history collections associated with Harvard University, John James Audubon, and the botanical gardens of Kew Gardens. It served both as a regional flora and as a node in networks connecting collectors, herbaria, and learned societies such as the Royal Society, the American Philosophical Society, and the New England Botanical Club.
Flora Novae Angliae was initiated during a period of botanical consolidation influenced by figures like Carl Linnaeus, Asa Gray, Thomas Nuttall, William Bartram, John Bartram, and institutional actors including Harvard University Herbaria, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Smithsonian Institution, British Museum (Natural History), and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Early financing and patronage drew on networks tied to Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Rush, Alexander von Humboldt, and collectors associated with the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the exploratory voyages of Captain James Cook. Publication histories intersect with printers and publishers in Boston and Cambridge linked to Harvard University Press, Little, Brown and Company, John Murray (publisher), and William Blackwood, while reviews and circulation connected to periodicals like the North American Review, The Gentleman's Magazine, and the Gardeners' Chronicle.
The Flora addresses vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, and selected algae found in the New England provinces and adjacent territories, incorporating taxa described by authorities such as Linnaeus, Auguste Pyramus de Candolle, George Bentham, Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle, John Torrey, Asa Gray, George Engelmann, Thomas Nuttall, and Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. Coverage includes families treated in the systems of Bentham & Hooker, Engler, and Cronquist influences, and cites specimens tied to herbaria at Harvard University Herbaria, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the New York Botanical Garden, the Missouri Botanical Garden, and the United States National Herbarium. Regional lists reference floristic works by Nathaniel Lord Britton, Beverly Tucker],, and collectors associated with the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.
The work is arranged by taxonomic hierarchy with dichotomous keys, detailed species descriptions, synonymies, and notes on distribution, phenology, and ecology, following conventions utilized by Carl Linnaeus, John Ray, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, and later synthesizers like Asa Gray and George Bentham. Illustrations and plates were produced in collaboration with illustrators and engravers connected to John James Audubon, Pierre-Joseph Redouté, John Bellenden Ker Gawler, Elizabeth Blackwell (botanical illustrator), and studios in London, Paris, and Boston. Supplementary materials include indices, glossary, and appendices citing specimen accessions at Harvard University Herbaria, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Natural History Museum, London, and museum correspondences with Smithsonian Institution curators.
Compilation relied on field collections, herbarium vouchers, correspondence, and comparative morphology, drawing on methods practiced by Asa Gray, John Torrey, Thomas Nuttall, William D. Brackenridge, and exchange networks mediated by institutions like Harvard University, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, British Museum (Natural History), New York Botanical Garden, and Smithsonian Institution. Authors and contributors cited historical literature from Linnaeus, Humboldt, de Candolle, Bentham, and primary specimen records from collectors associated with expeditions such as Lewis and Clark Expedition, coastal surveys by Matthew Fontaine Maury, and merchant-naturalists linked to Hudson's Bay Company. Techniques included herbarium mounting protocols developed at Harvard University Herbaria, lithography practiced in presses in Boston and London, and taxonomic decisions benchmarked against type specimens held by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the United States National Herbarium.
The Flora influenced nineteenth- and twentieth-century botanical practice across institutions including Harvard University, New York Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, shaping floristics in works by Asa Gray, Nathaniel Lord Britton, Edward Lee Greene, Per Axel Rydberg, and later regional treatments in the Flora of North America project. Reviews and discussions appeared in outlets such as the North American Review, Gardeners' Chronicle, The Lancet, and proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Royal Society, influencing conservation dialogues involving agencies like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and botanical education at Harvard University, Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Vermont.
Multiple editions and supplements were issued in collaboration with publishers in Boston, Cambridge (UK), London, and Paris, with translation and abridgement efforts connecting the Flora to audiences in France, Germany, Sweden, Italy, and Japan through translators affiliated with institutions like Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Berlin Botanical Garden, Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the University of Tokyo. Later annotated editions incorporated nomenclatural updates influenced by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and referenced in works by International Botanical Congress delegates and floristic projects including the Flora of North America and regional manuals produced by New England Botanical Club.
Category:Botany books