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| Expedition 35 | |
|---|---|
| Mission name | Expedition 35 |
| Mission type | Long-duration mission to the International Space Station |
| Operator | Roscosmos, NASA, Canadian Space Agency |
| Mission duration | 165 days |
| Crew | Pavel Vinogradov; Christopher Hadfield; Roman Romanenko; Alexander Misurkin; Thomas Marshburn; Chris Cassidy |
| Start date | 2013-03-13 |
| End date | 2013-11-11 |
| Spacecraft | Soyuz TMA-08M, Soyuz TMA-07M |
| Orbit | Low Earth orbit |
Expedition 35 was a long-duration increment aboard the International Space Station in 2013 that involved multinational crewmembers from Roscosmos, NASA, and the Canadian Space Agency. Commanded by Pavel Vinogradov with notable participation by Chris Hadfield as flight engineer and social-media outreach lead, the mission conducted a broad portfolio of research, maintenance, and public-engagement activities while supporting visiting vehicles such as the Progress (spacecraft), HTV-4, and multiple Soyuz spacecraft rotations. The increment contributed to ongoing investigations in biology, human physiology, microgravity fluids, and observatory operations for Earth observation programs tied to agencies and institutions worldwide.
Crew assignments for the increment reflected long-standing partnerships among Roscosmos, NASA, and the Canadian Space Agency, building on legacy flights such as Expedition 34 and planning interfaces with Expedition 36. The primary crew included veterans from long-duration missions: Pavel Vinogradov (a veteran of Mir and prior ISS expeditions), Roman Romanenko and Alexander Misurkin from Roscosmos, alongside Chris Hadfield (who had flown on STS-100 and Soyuz TMA-07M), Thomas Marshburn (a physician-astronaut with links to Johnson Space Center), and Chris Cassidy (a former Navy SEAL turned NASA astronaut). Training programs were coordinated across facilities including Star City, Johnson Space Center, Canadian Space Agency training centers, and integration with payload developers such as European Space Agency partners and investigators at institutions like NASA Ames Research Center and European Astronaut Centre.
Primary objectives encompassed maintaining continuous habitation of the International Space Station, completing technology demonstrations for future exploration architectures, and advancing experiments in life sciences and physical sciences. Key research themes aligned with initiatives from NASA Human Research Program, Canadian Space Agency microgravity objectives, and international collaborations with entities such as European Space Agency and JAXA. Objectives also included support for resupply missions like HTV-4 (delivered logistics and experimental racks), demonstrations relevant to Lunar Gateway precursor technologies, and contributions to long-term datasets used by programs at institutions like University of California, Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Johns Hopkins University.
The increment overlapped with several launch and docking events, including crewed Soyuz TMA-07M and Soyuz TMA-08M exchanges and automated cargo deliveries by Progress MS variants and the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV-4). Launches originated from sites such as Baikonur Cosmodrome and transfer operations were conducted at the Zvezda module docking interfaces and the Harmony and Rassvet nodes. On-orbit operations required coordination with international flight control centers including Mission Control Center (Moscow), Johnson Space Center, and Tsukuba Space Center. Routine station-keeping, attitude control, and orbital reboosts were executed using propulsion from docked visiting vehicles and the station's native systems managed by Roscosmos and NASA controllers.
Investigations aboard covered a wide range of disciplines with experiments provided by organizations such as NASA Glenn Research Center, European Space Agency, and academic laboratories at University of Colorado Boulder and Columbia University. Life-sciences payloads studied musculoskeletal deconditioning and vestibular adaptation utilizing protocols linked to the Human Research Program and instruments like the VECTION analogs and exercise hardware including the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device and Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System. Physical-science experiments examined fluid behavior and combustion under microgravity using facilities like the Microgravity Science Glovebox and European modules linked to Microgravity Science and Applications. Technology demonstrations tested communications, rendezvous sensors, and cube satellite deployers coordinated with institutions such as SSTL and Caltech teams involved in small-satellite experiments.
During the increment, planned extravehicular activities (EVAs) were executed to maintain station architecture, replace hardware, and prepare external interfaces for future modules. EVA tasks involved outfitting truss elements like S-band and UHF antenna systems, servicing thermal control hardware on the Mobile Base System and preparing attachment points for visiting vehicles. Crew performing EVAs coordinated with ground teams at Johnson Space Center and Moscow Mission Control to follow procedures derived from previous excursions on STS missions and earlier ISS spacewalks.
Notable public-facing events included extensive outreach by Chris Hadfield involving live social-media interactions, music performances tied to cultural institutions, and educational activities with organizations such as Royal Canadian Geographical Society and NASA Education. Operational anomalies were managed, including fault investigations related to automated docking interfaces and troubleshooting of life-support sensors linked to the Environmental Control and Life Support System architecture. Coordination with commercial partners and agencies like SpaceX and Orbital Sciences Corporation occurred as the station integrated increasing private resupply operations during the period.
The increment concluded with crew handovers to subsequent expeditions and crew returns aboard Soyuz TMA vehicles, followed by post-flight debriefings at facilities operated by Roscosmos and NASA including medical evaluations at Ellington Field and scientific data handovers to principal investigators at institutions such as NASA Ames Research Center and Canadian Space Agency laboratories. Post-mission analysis emphasized long-duration human health outcomes, validation of microgravity technology demonstrations, and archival of datasets for use by research centers at European Space Agency and university partners. Findings informed planning for future missions, contributing to roadmaps at organizations like NASA for exploration beyond low Earth orbit and to ongoing international collaboration frameworks.
Category:Human spaceflight expeditions